Niveles de razonamiento algebraico en problemas de sistemas de ecuaciones lineales creados por docentes de matemática de secundaria
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
Esta tesis aborda los niveles de razonamiento presentes en problemas de sistemas
de ecuaciones lineales creados por docentes de matemática secundaria. Este estudio
resulta relevante porque permite caracterizar los problemas creados en relación con
el nivel de razonamiento algebraico que se demanda al estudiante. Los problemas
analizados presentan cuatro elementos fundamentales (información, requerimiento,
contexto y entorno matemático) y fueron creados por variación y elaboración. Los
niveles de razonamiento algebraico considerados en este estudio abarca desde el 2
hasta el 4. El objetivo general de la investigación fue caracterizar los problemas sobre
sistemas de ecuaciones lineales creados por docentes de matemática de secundaria
de una institución privada de Lima en relación con el nivel de razonamiento algebraico
que demandan al estudiante. Los objetivos específicos se orientaron a describir las
características de los problemas creados y describir el nivel de razonamiento
algebraico que demandan dichos problemas. La investigación se enmarca en un
enfoque cualitativo de tipo descriptivo, y emplea dos técnicas de recolección de
información: el análisis de producciones escritas y la entrevista semiestructurada. Los
resultados muestran que los problemas creados utilizan coherentemente los distintos
elementos del problema matemático para promover un nivel 2, 3 o 4 de razonamiento
algebraico. Asimismo, se concluye que los docentes participantes afinan las
características de sus problemas teniendo en cuenta los conocimientos previos y
dificultades del público objetivo con el fin de promover mejor un cierto nivel de
razonamiento algebraico.
This thesis examines the levels of algebraic reasoning embedded in problems involving systems of linear equations created by secondary mathematics teachers. The study is relevant because it allows for the characterization of teacher-designed problems in relation to the level of algebraic reasoning they require from students. The analyzed problems are composed of four fundamental elements—information, requirement, context, and mathematical setting—and were created through processes of variation and elaboration. The levels of algebraic reasoning considered in this study range from Level 2 to Level 4. The general objective of the research was to characterize problems on systems of linear equations created by secondary mathematics teachers from a private school in Lima according to the level of algebraic reasoning they demand from students. The specific objectives were to describe the characteristics of the created problems and to identify the level of algebraic reasoning required by them. This research follows a qualitative descriptive approach and uses two data collection techniques: analysis of written productions and semi-structured interviews. The findings show that the created problems coherently integrate the different elements of a mathematical problem to promote Levels 2, 3, and 4 of algebraic reasoning. Furthermore, it is concluded that participating teachers refine the characteristics of their problems by considering students’ prior knowledge and difficulties in order to more effectively foster a particular level of algebraic reasoning.
This thesis examines the levels of algebraic reasoning embedded in problems involving systems of linear equations created by secondary mathematics teachers. The study is relevant because it allows for the characterization of teacher-designed problems in relation to the level of algebraic reasoning they require from students. The analyzed problems are composed of four fundamental elements—information, requirement, context, and mathematical setting—and were created through processes of variation and elaboration. The levels of algebraic reasoning considered in this study range from Level 2 to Level 4. The general objective of the research was to characterize problems on systems of linear equations created by secondary mathematics teachers from a private school in Lima according to the level of algebraic reasoning they demand from students. The specific objectives were to describe the characteristics of the created problems and to identify the level of algebraic reasoning required by them. This research follows a qualitative descriptive approach and uses two data collection techniques: analysis of written productions and semi-structured interviews. The findings show that the created problems coherently integrate the different elements of a mathematical problem to promote Levels 2, 3, and 4 of algebraic reasoning. Furthermore, it is concluded that participating teachers refine the characteristics of their problems by considering students’ prior knowledge and difficulties in order to more effectively foster a particular level of algebraic reasoning.
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Palabras clave
Matemáticas--Estudio y enseñanza (Secundaria), Matemáticas--Problemas, ejercicios, etc., Razonamiento matemático, Álgebra, Ecuaciones lineales
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