El Análisis de caricaturas políticas como herramienta para el desarrollo del pensamiento histórico en estudiantes de IV de secundaria: Estudio basado en las elecciones de 1990
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2025-01-20
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El presente trabajo de suficiencia profesional está centrado en mi experiencia docente
en el curso de Historia del siglo XX del Programa de Diploma del Bachillerato
Internacional y con especial acento en la interpretación y análisis de fuentes primarias
visuales a partir del estudio de caso tratado: las elecciones de 1990 en el Perú. El
argumento central de mi trabajo es que el análisis de las caricaturas políticas constituye
una herramienta fundamental en el desarrollo del pensamiento histórico y juicio crítico
en estudiantes de IV de secundaria. Planteo, además, los vínculos entre las
competencias del Currículo Nacional de Educación Básica y los exigidos por el Programa
del Bachillerato Internacional en función al desarrollo de las capacidades y habilidades
de los estudiantes en el trabajo con fuentes primarias visuales. El objetivo principal es,
precisamente, demostrar que el análisis de dichas fuentes permitiría una adecuada
interpretación del mensaje, comparación, contraste y evaluación de caricaturas
políticas. Todo ello a partir de un modelo de evaluación aplicado a un grupo de
estudiantes de IV de secundaria y desde sus desempeños establecer los alcances de las
habilidades desarrolladas y sus aprendizajes. Esta investigación también establece que
la interpretación de caricaturas políticas permite una comprensión de nuestro pasado
político reciente, así como una reflexión en torno a los procesos electorales. De esa
manera esta investigación contribuiría en aspectos educativos en el abordaje del pasado
sumada a la experiencia adquirida como historiadora.
The present work of professional proficiency is focused on my teaching experience in the 20th century History course of the International Baccalaureate Diploma Program and with special emphasis on the interpretation and analysis of visual primary sources based on the case study discussed: the elections 1990 in Peru. The central argument of my work is that the analysis of political cartoons constitutes a fundamental tool in the development of historical thinking and critical judgment in high school IV students. I also propose the links between the competencies of the National Basic Education Curriculum and those required by the International Baccalaureate Program based on the development of students' abilities and skills in working with primary visual sources. The main objective is, precisely, to demonstrate that the analysis of these sources would allow an adequate interpretation of the message, comparison, contrast and evaluation of political cartoons. All of this based on an evaluation model applied to a group of high school IV students and from their performances to establish the scope of the skills developed and their learning. This research also establishes that the interpretation of political cartoons allows an understanding of our recent political past, as well as a reflection on electoral processes. In this way, this research would contribute to educational aspects in addressing the past, added to the experience acquired as a historian.
The present work of professional proficiency is focused on my teaching experience in the 20th century History course of the International Baccalaureate Diploma Program and with special emphasis on the interpretation and analysis of visual primary sources based on the case study discussed: the elections 1990 in Peru. The central argument of my work is that the analysis of political cartoons constitutes a fundamental tool in the development of historical thinking and critical judgment in high school IV students. I also propose the links between the competencies of the National Basic Education Curriculum and those required by the International Baccalaureate Program based on the development of students' abilities and skills in working with primary visual sources. The main objective is, precisely, to demonstrate that the analysis of these sources would allow an adequate interpretation of the message, comparison, contrast and evaluation of political cartoons. All of this based on an evaluation model applied to a group of high school IV students and from their performances to establish the scope of the skills developed and their learning. This research also establishes that the interpretation of political cartoons allows an understanding of our recent political past, as well as a reflection on electoral processes. In this way, this research would contribute to educational aspects in addressing the past, added to the experience acquired as a historian.
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Keywords
Historia--Estudio y enseñanza (Secundaria), Elecciones--Perú--1990, Caricaturas políticas--Perú--1990, Perú--Historia--Siglo XX--Fuentes
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