Idoneidad didáctica de un proceso de instrucción sobre optimización de funciones reales de dos variables para estudiantes de Economía
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
La optimización matemática es un tema del cálculo multivariable presente en diversos cursos,
desde primeros ciclos, en carreras profesionales como la matemática, ingeniería o economía,
debido a sus diversas aplicaciones para resolver o modelar contextos. De esta manera, el
presente trabajo, empleando la noción de idoneidad didáctica del marco teórico Enfoque
Ontosemiótico, tiene como objetivo principal valorar la idoneidad didáctica de un proceso de
instrucción sobre optimización de funciones reales de dos variables en alumnos de carrera
de Economía. La investigación es de carácter cualitativa, puesto que pretender describir y
analizar el proceso de instrucción implementado por un profesor. Para llevar a cabo esta
investigación, se identifican los significados de referencia de las derivadas parciales que estén
involucrados en problemas de optimización; se adaptan indicadores de idoneidad didáctica
en las facetas epistémica, cognitiva, interaccional, mediacional, afectiva y ecológica; y,
posteriormente, se lleva a cabo la comparación y análisis de lo propuesto en los indicadores
de idoneidad con lo implementado por el profesor durante su proceso de instrucción. Sobre
la base de estos resultados, se concluye que el proceso de instrucción observado cumple en
gran medida con los indicadores propuestos, particularmente en las facetas epistémicas y
cognitivas, lo cual lo convierte en un proceso idóneo. Aun así, hay algunos aspectos por
mejorar en cuanto a las demás facetas interaccional, mediacional, afectiva y ecológica según
los indicadores propuestos.
Mathematical optimization is a topic in multivariable calculus that appears in various courses, starting the early semesters, in academic programs such as Mathematics, Engineering or Economics, due to its numerous applications in solving and modeling real-world solutions. In this way, based on the notion of didactic suitability from the theorical framework of Ontosemiotic Approach, this study aims to assess the didactic suitability of an instructional process on the optimization of real-valued functions of two variables for students in Economics program. This study is described as qualitative research because it aims to describe and analyze an instructional process implemented by a university teacher. To carry out this research, the reference meanings of partial derivatives involved in optimization problems are identified in books and other researches; specific indicators of the epistemic, cognitive, interactional, mediational, affective, and ecological facets of didactic suitability are adapted; and, subsequently, a comparison and analysis is conducted between what is proposed in these indicators and what was implemented by the teacher during the instructional process. Based on these results, the observed instructional process satisfies a significant portion of the didactical suitability indicators proposed in this study, particularly in the epistemic and cognitive facets, making it a didactically suitable process. However, certain aspects still require improvement in the interactional, mediational, affective and ecological facets, according to the proposed indicators.
Mathematical optimization is a topic in multivariable calculus that appears in various courses, starting the early semesters, in academic programs such as Mathematics, Engineering or Economics, due to its numerous applications in solving and modeling real-world solutions. In this way, based on the notion of didactic suitability from the theorical framework of Ontosemiotic Approach, this study aims to assess the didactic suitability of an instructional process on the optimization of real-valued functions of two variables for students in Economics program. This study is described as qualitative research because it aims to describe and analyze an instructional process implemented by a university teacher. To carry out this research, the reference meanings of partial derivatives involved in optimization problems are identified in books and other researches; specific indicators of the epistemic, cognitive, interactional, mediational, affective, and ecological facets of didactic suitability are adapted; and, subsequently, a comparison and analysis is conducted between what is proposed in these indicators and what was implemented by the teacher during the instructional process. Based on these results, the observed instructional process satisfies a significant portion of the didactical suitability indicators proposed in this study, particularly in the epistemic and cognitive facets, making it a didactically suitable process. However, certain aspects still require improvement in the interactional, mediational, affective and ecological facets, according to the proposed indicators.
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Matemáticas--Estudio y enseñanza (Superior), Cálculo, Análisis multivariante, Optimización matemática
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