Informe jurídico sobre la sentencia N° 07009-2013- PHC/TC
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Este informe jurídico analiza el conflicto entre la jurisdicción especial indígena y
la jurisdicción ordinaria a raíz de un hábeas corpus presentado por Jorge Payaba
Cachique, ex presidente de la Comunidad Nativa Tres Islas (Madre de Dios) en
favor de Juan Villar Vargas y Herbert Cusurichi Payaba, acusados del delito de
violación sexual de menor de edad. La referida comunidad alegó que el caso ya
había sido resuelto conforme a su derecho consuetudinario. Sin embargo, el
Tribunal Constitucional (en adelante, TC) concluyó que, al estar en juego
derechos fundamentales (DDFF) de niñas, correspondía la intervención de la
jurisdicción ordinaria, más aún si la madre denunció los hechos. En
consecuencia, se declaró infundada la demanda respecto a la vulneración de la
jurisdicción especial indígena e improcedente en relación a la vulneración a la
libertad individual.
El problema central radica en determinar si el hábeas corpus conexo era la vía
adecuada para cuestionar la privación de libertad derivada de un conflicto de
competencia entre jurisdicciones. Posteriormente, se analizará si es posible
invocar la cosa juzgada respecto a dichas decisiones. Finalmente, se
identificarán las principales deficiencias normativas que dificultan la resolución
efectiva de esto conflictos de competencia, particularmente ante la ausencia de
una Ley de Coordinación, tal como lo exige el artículo 149° de la Constitución
Política del Perú (en adelante, la Constitución).
This legal report analyzes the conflict between the special indigenous jurisdiction and the ordinary jurisdiction arising from a habeas corpus petition filed by Jorge Payaba Cachique, president of the Tres Islas Native Community (Madre de Dios), on behalf of Juan Villar Vargas and Herbert Cusurichi Payaba, accused of the crime of rape of a minor. The aforementioned community argued that the case had already been resolved in accordance with its customary law. However, the Constitutional Court (hereinafter, TC) concluded that, since the fundamental rights of children was at stake, the intervention of the ordinary jurisdiction was appropriate, especially since the mother reported the incident. Therefore, the complaint was declared unfounded regarding the violation of the special indigenous jurisdiction and inadmissible regarding the violation of individual liberty. The central issue lies in determining whether the related habeas corpus petition was the appropriate avenue to challenge the deprivation of liberty arising from a conflict of jurisdictions. Subsequently, we will analyze whether it is possible to invoke res judicata with respect to a decision issued by the special indigenous jurisdiction. Finally, we will identify the main regulatory deficiencies that hinder the effective resolution of these jurisdictional conflicts, especially given the lack of a Coordination Law, as mandated by articule 149 of Peruvian Constitucion.
This legal report analyzes the conflict between the special indigenous jurisdiction and the ordinary jurisdiction arising from a habeas corpus petition filed by Jorge Payaba Cachique, president of the Tres Islas Native Community (Madre de Dios), on behalf of Juan Villar Vargas and Herbert Cusurichi Payaba, accused of the crime of rape of a minor. The aforementioned community argued that the case had already been resolved in accordance with its customary law. However, the Constitutional Court (hereinafter, TC) concluded that, since the fundamental rights of children was at stake, the intervention of the ordinary jurisdiction was appropriate, especially since the mother reported the incident. Therefore, the complaint was declared unfounded regarding the violation of the special indigenous jurisdiction and inadmissible regarding the violation of individual liberty. The central issue lies in determining whether the related habeas corpus petition was the appropriate avenue to challenge the deprivation of liberty arising from a conflict of jurisdictions. Subsequently, we will analyze whether it is possible to invoke res judicata with respect to a decision issued by the special indigenous jurisdiction. Finally, we will identify the main regulatory deficiencies that hinder the effective resolution of these jurisdictional conflicts, especially given the lack of a Coordination Law, as mandated by articule 149 of Peruvian Constitucion.
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Pluralismo jurídico, Hábeas Corpus, Perú. Tribunal Constitucional--Jurisprudencia, Jurisdicción constitucional, Derecho indígena--Legislación--Perú
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item.page.endorsement
item.page.review
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