Trabajo matemático de estudiantes de cuarto año de secundaria en tareas sobre semejanza de triángulos con el uso de tecnología digital
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
Esta investigación tiene por objetivo analizar el trabajo matemático de estudiantes de cuarto
año de secundaria de una institución educativa privada de la ciudad de Lima, en el distrito de
Carabayllo, cuyas edades oscilan entre los 15 y 16 años, cuando resuelven tareas en una
secuencia didáctica sobre semejanza de triángulos con el uso de tecnología digital,
particularmente, GeoGebra, debido a que existen investigaciones que reportan las
dificultades por parte de los estudiantes en el aprendizaje de este objeto matemático. La
metodología que se utiliza en esta investigación es de tipo cualitativa, adaptando el conjunto
de fases propuestas por Hernández et al. (2014), el cual inicia en el planteamiento del
problema y culmina con las conclusiones y perspectivas futuras. La secuencia didáctica está
constituida por tres tareas, las cuales fueron diseñadas a la luz de la teoría del Espacio de
Trabajo Matemático, dado que es una herramienta teórica y metodológica para analizar las
acciones de los estudiantes al momento de realizar tareas tomando en cuenta procesos
cognitivos y epistemológicos. Los resultados muestran que las génesis que se activan con
más frecuencia son las génesis semiótica e instrumental y, por ende, el plano vertical
Semiótico-Instrumental. Cabe indicar que también se activa, pero en menor frecuencia, la
génesis discursiva y con ello se puede observar las activaciones de los planos Semiótico-
Discursivo e Instrumental-Discursivo. Asimismo, se evidencia que los paradigmas en el
dominio de la geometría que priorizan los estudiantes es el paradigma de la Geometría natural
(GI) y la Geometría axiomática natural (GII). Entre las principales conclusiones se resalta la
importancia de la tecnología, como GeoGebra, debido a que con sus herramientas permite a
los estudiantes interactuar con las dimensiones y las relaciones de las representaciones de
los triángulos, así como también, la importancia de diseñar tareas para la enseñanza de la
semejanza de triángulos debido a que implica un análisis del trabajo matemático muy rico y
diverso con relación a procesos cognitivos y epistemológicos que pueden desarrollar los
estudiantes.
This research aims to analyze the mathematical work of fourth-year high school students from a private educational institution in the city of Lima, in the district of Carabayllo, whose ages range between 15 and 16 years, when they solve tasks in a didactic sequence on similarity of triangles with the use of digital technology, particularly GeoGebra, because there are investigations that report the difficulties on the part of students in learning this mathematical object. The methodology used in this research is qualitative, adapting the set of phases proposed by Hernández et al. (2014), which begins with the statement of the problem and ends with the conclusions and future perspectives. The didactic sequence consists of three tasks, which were designed in light of the theory of the Mathematical Workspace, since it is a theoretical and methodological tool to analyze the actions of students when performing tasks taking into account cognitive and epistemological processes. The results show that the most frequently activated genesis are the semiotic and instrumental genesis and, therefore, the vertical Semiotic-Instrumental plane. It should be noted that the discursive genesis is also activated, but less frequently, and with it the activations of the Semiotic-Discursive and Instrumental-Discursive planes can be observed. Likewise, it is evident that the paradigms in the domain of geometry that students prioritize are the paradigm of Natural Geometry (GI) and Natural Axiomatic Geometry (GII). Among the main conclusions, the importance of technology, such as GeoGebra, is highlighted, because with its tools it allows students to interact with the dimensions and relationships of the representations of triangles, as well as the importance of designing tasks for teaching the similarity of triangles because it implies a very rich and diverse analysis of mathematical work in relation to cognitive and epistemological processes that students can develop.
This research aims to analyze the mathematical work of fourth-year high school students from a private educational institution in the city of Lima, in the district of Carabayllo, whose ages range between 15 and 16 years, when they solve tasks in a didactic sequence on similarity of triangles with the use of digital technology, particularly GeoGebra, because there are investigations that report the difficulties on the part of students in learning this mathematical object. The methodology used in this research is qualitative, adapting the set of phases proposed by Hernández et al. (2014), which begins with the statement of the problem and ends with the conclusions and future perspectives. The didactic sequence consists of three tasks, which were designed in light of the theory of the Mathematical Workspace, since it is a theoretical and methodological tool to analyze the actions of students when performing tasks taking into account cognitive and epistemological processes. The results show that the most frequently activated genesis are the semiotic and instrumental genesis and, therefore, the vertical Semiotic-Instrumental plane. It should be noted that the discursive genesis is also activated, but less frequently, and with it the activations of the Semiotic-Discursive and Instrumental-Discursive planes can be observed. Likewise, it is evident that the paradigms in the domain of geometry that students prioritize are the paradigm of Natural Geometry (GI) and Natural Axiomatic Geometry (GII). Among the main conclusions, the importance of technology, such as GeoGebra, is highlighted, because with its tools it allows students to interact with the dimensions and relationships of the representations of triangles, as well as the importance of designing tasks for teaching the similarity of triangles because it implies a very rich and diverse analysis of mathematical work in relation to cognitive and epistemological processes that students can develop.
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Matemáticas--Estudio y enseñanza (Secundaria)--Perú--Carabayllo (Lima : Distrito), Matemáticas--Problemas, ejercicios, etc., Software para computadora, Tecnología educativa--Perú--Carabayllo (Lima : Distrito)
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