Estudio del modelo praxeológico dominante de las funciones cuadráticas en las fichas del ciclo VII de educación secundaria
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
La presente investigación tiene como objetivo caracterizar el modelo dominante de la
función cuadrática en las fichas de matemática del ciclo VII de la Educación Secundaria. El
estudio se orienta a responder la siguiente pregunta: ¿Cuál es la organización matemática
de la función cuadrática en dichas fichas? Para ello, se adopta un enfoque cualitativo de
tipo bibliográfico, sustentado en la Teoría Antropológica de lo Didáctico (TAD), empleando
conceptos como praxeologías, generadores de tareas, variables didácticas y alcance de las
técnicas. Metodológicamente, se sigue el modelo propuesto por Chaachoua (2014). La
revisión de investigaciones relacionadas a nuestro objeto de estudio, documentos oficiales,
como el el Currículo Nacional de la Educación Básica y las fichas de matemática del ciclo
VII, permite la construcción de un Modelo Praxeológico de Referencia (MPR). A partir de
este análisis, se identifican siete tipos de tareas, catorce tareas específicas, dieciséis
técnicas y diversos discursos tecnológicos que muestran la praxeología matemática en
estudio.
Entre las tareas identificadas, predomina aquellas orientadas a obtener la expresión
algebraica de la función cuadrática a partir de contextos extramatemáticos, mediante la
identificación de variables y la relación directa entre ellas. Se destacan dos técnicas
representativas para dicho propósito: una basada en la modelación del área de un
rectángulo como función cuadrática, y otra que permite hallar la expresión general a partir
de tres pares ordenados. Estas técnicas resultan fundamentales para establecer la regla de
correspondencia de la función. Por otro lado, las técnicas vinculadas al vértice τvértice-1 y
τvértice-2 son las más empleadas en tareas que implican determinar el valor máximo o mínimo
de la función, lo que evidencia su presencia tanto en el alcance institucional como en el
pragmático. Finalmente, el análisis de la estructura y relación entre tareas, a partir del MPR,
permite establecer una secuencia lógica y funcional entre ellas, reconociendo cómo ciertas
tareas forman parte de técnicas utilizadas en otras, lo que contribuye a una caracterización
más precisa del sistema de tareas propuesto.
This research aims to characterize the dominant model of the quadratic function in the mathematics texbooks of Cycle VII in Secondary Education. The study seeks to answer the following question: What is the mathematical organization of the quadratic function in these textbooks? To address this, a qualitative, bibliographic approach is adopted, grounded in the Anthropological Theory of the Didactic (ATD), employing key concepts such as praxeologies, task generators, didactic variables, and the scope of techniques. Methodologically, the model proposed by Chaachoua (2014) is followed. The review of relevant research, along with official documents—such as the National Curriculum for Basic Education and the Cycle VII mathematics worksheets—supports the construction of a Reference Praxeological Model (RPM). Through this analysis, seven types of tasks, fourteen specific tasks, sixteen techniques, and various technological discourses are identified, which together reveal the mathematical praxeology under study. Among the identified tasks, those aimed at obtaining the algebraic expression of the quadratic function from extra-mathematical contexts predominate. These involve identifying variables and establishing a direct relationship between them. Two representative techniques stand out for this purpose: one based on modeling the area of a rectangle as a quadratic function, and another that derives the general expression from three ordered pairs. These techniques are fundamental in determining the function’s rule of correspondence. Additionally, the vertex-related techniques τvertex-1 and τvertex-2 are the most frequently used in tasks that require identifying the maximum or minimum value of the function, indicating their relevance both institutionally and pragmatically. Finally, the analysis of the structure and interrelation of tasks, based on the RPM, allows for the establishment of a logical and functional sequence among them, revealing how certain tasks are embedded within techniques employed by others, thereby contributing to a more precise characterization of the proposed task system.
This research aims to characterize the dominant model of the quadratic function in the mathematics texbooks of Cycle VII in Secondary Education. The study seeks to answer the following question: What is the mathematical organization of the quadratic function in these textbooks? To address this, a qualitative, bibliographic approach is adopted, grounded in the Anthropological Theory of the Didactic (ATD), employing key concepts such as praxeologies, task generators, didactic variables, and the scope of techniques. Methodologically, the model proposed by Chaachoua (2014) is followed. The review of relevant research, along with official documents—such as the National Curriculum for Basic Education and the Cycle VII mathematics worksheets—supports the construction of a Reference Praxeological Model (RPM). Through this analysis, seven types of tasks, fourteen specific tasks, sixteen techniques, and various technological discourses are identified, which together reveal the mathematical praxeology under study. Among the identified tasks, those aimed at obtaining the algebraic expression of the quadratic function from extra-mathematical contexts predominate. These involve identifying variables and establishing a direct relationship between them. Two representative techniques stand out for this purpose: one based on modeling the area of a rectangle as a quadratic function, and another that derives the general expression from three ordered pairs. These techniques are fundamental in determining the function’s rule of correspondence. Additionally, the vertex-related techniques τvertex-1 and τvertex-2 are the most frequently used in tasks that require identifying the maximum or minimum value of the function, indicating their relevance both institutionally and pragmatically. Finally, the analysis of the structure and interrelation of tasks, based on the RPM, allows for the establishment of a logical and functional sequence among them, revealing how certain tasks are embedded within techniques employed by others, thereby contributing to a more precise characterization of the proposed task system.
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Matemáticas--Estudio y enseñanza (Secundaria), Matemáticas--Didáctica, Álgebra
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