Efectividad del programa “Una Aventura Narrativa” sobre los niveles de compresión de narraciones orales en niños de 5 años a 5 años 11 meses en una Institución Pública de Cajamarca
Date
2024-10-31
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente investigación tiene como objetivo determinar la efectividad del
programa “Una Aventura Narrativa” sobre los niveles de comprensión de narraciones orales
en niños que se encuentran en la etapa preescolar (entre 5 años a 5 años 11 meses de
edad) en una institución pública de la ciudad de Cajamarca (Perú). El tipo de estudio es
explicativo, bajo un diseño preexperimental (empleando un pre y post test) con una muestra
conformada por 35 niños en quienes se aplicó dicho programa, el cual se basó en la
estimulación de los niveles de comprensión en dos dimensiones de narraciones orales
(literal e inferencial) en los niños. Se empleó como instrumento, tanto para el pre y post
test, la prueba de Evaluación del Discurso Narrativo (EDNA). Luego de contrastar las
puntuaciones obtenidas entre los resultados del pre y post test, así como al analizar los
resultados en las dimensiones investigadas se obtuvo que, en el nivel de comprensión
literal, en el pretest el 28.6% de los niños se halló en la categoría alta mientras que en el
post test el 100% perteneció a dicha categoría. Por otro lado, en el nivel de comprensión
inferencial, en el pretest el 40% de los niños se localizó en la categoría alta, mientras que,
en el post test el 97.1 % perteneció a dicha categoría. A partir de los resultados obtenidos,
se concluye que existe una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre el pre y post test,
lo que determina la efectividad del programa “Una Aventura Narrativa” sobre los niveles de
comprensión de narraciones orales en niños que se encuentran en la etapa preescolar.
The present research aims to determine the effectiveness of the “Una Aventura Narrativa” program on the levels of oral narrative comprehension in preschool children (between 5 years and 5 years 11 months) in a public institution in the city of Cajamarca (Peru). The type of study is explanatory, with a pre-experimental design (using a pre- and post-test) with a sample of 35 children to whom this program was applied. The program focused on stimulating comprehension levels in two dimensions of oral narratives (literal and inferential) in children. The Narrative Discourse Evaluation test (EDNA, by its acronym in Spanish) was used as an instrument for both the pre- and post-test. After comparing the scores obtained between the pre and post test results, as well as analyzing the results in the dimensions investigated, it was found that, at the level of literal comprehension, in the pre-test 28.6% of the children belonged to the high category while in the post-test 100% belonged to the same category. On the other hand, at the inferential comprehension level, in the pre-test 40% of the children belonged to the high category, while in the post-test 97.1% belonged to the same category. Based on the obtained results, it is concluded that there is a statistically significant difference between the pre- and post-test, determining the effectiveness of the “Una Aventura Narrativa” program on the levels of comprehension of oral narratives in children who are in the preschool stage.
The present research aims to determine the effectiveness of the “Una Aventura Narrativa” program on the levels of oral narrative comprehension in preschool children (between 5 years and 5 years 11 months) in a public institution in the city of Cajamarca (Peru). The type of study is explanatory, with a pre-experimental design (using a pre- and post-test) with a sample of 35 children to whom this program was applied. The program focused on stimulating comprehension levels in two dimensions of oral narratives (literal and inferential) in children. The Narrative Discourse Evaluation test (EDNA, by its acronym in Spanish) was used as an instrument for both the pre- and post-test. After comparing the scores obtained between the pre and post test results, as well as analyzing the results in the dimensions investigated, it was found that, at the level of literal comprehension, in the pre-test 28.6% of the children belonged to the high category while in the post-test 100% belonged to the same category. On the other hand, at the inferential comprehension level, in the pre-test 40% of the children belonged to the high category, while in the post-test 97.1% belonged to the same category. Based on the obtained results, it is concluded that there is a statistically significant difference between the pre- and post-test, determining the effectiveness of the “Una Aventura Narrativa” program on the levels of comprehension of oral narratives in children who are in the preschool stage.
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Keywords
Comprensión de lectura--Investigaciones, Educación preescolar--Investigaciones, Escuelas rurales--Perú--Cajamarca
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