Informe jurídico sobre la Casación N.° 3006-2015/Junín. La insuficiencia del análisis civil en el Octavo Pleno Casatorio: Efectos contraproducentes para el orden público y la tutela jurisdiccional efectiva del adquirente de buena fe y el cónyuge preterido
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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A través del precedente vinculante e) del Octavo Pleno Casatorio Civil, la Corte
Suprema estableció que los actos de disposición de bienes sociales efectuados sin la
intervención de ambos cónyuges son nulos por contravenir la norma imperativa de
orden público contenida en el artículo 315° del Código Civil. Así, mediante el presente
informe jurídico se advierte que, si bien el Pleno fundamentó su decisión en la
contravención de una norma civil de orden público, omitió considerar que en estos
casos también es posible que se haya configurado el delito de estelionato, previsto
en el artículo 197°, numeral 4), del Código Penal, que también constituye una norma
de orden público.
En ese contexto, habiendo empleado instrumentos normativos del Código Civil (arts.
V, 140°, 219°, 315°) y el Código Penal (arts. 79° y 197°), así como jurisprudencia
relevante, se ha podido determinar que dicha omisión resulta contraproducente al
comprometer la protección del orden público. Pero además, porque como
consecuencia directa del precedente f) del Pleno -creado en base a un análisis que
prevé únicamente implicancias civiles en el acto de disposición unilateral de los bienes
sociales- se vulneraría el derecho a la tutela jurisdiccional efectiva del cónyuge
preterido y del adquirente de buena fe, en los casos en los que no puedan obtener
alguna reparación o resarcimiento ante la insolvencia del enajenante; toda vez que el
contenido de dicho precedente niega la posibilidad de los justiciables de activar
mecanismos penales,
Through binding precedent e) of the VIII Pleno Casatorio Civil, the Supreme Court established that any act involving the disposal of community property carried out without the participation of both spouses is null and void, as it contravenes the mandatory public order provision enshrined in article 315 of the Civil Code. Accordingly, this legal report highlights that, although the Plenary based its reasoning on the infringement of a public order civil norm, it failed to consider that such conduct may also constitute the criminal offense of estelionato, as defined in article 197, paragraph 4, of the Criminal Code-an offense that likewise qualifies as a public order provision. In this context, by applying normative instruments from the Civil Code (articles V, 140, 219, and 315) and the Criminal Code (articles 79 and 197), as well as relevant case law, it has been determined that this omission is counterproductive, as it compromises the protection of public order. Moreover, because as a direct consequence of Plenary precedent f) -which was created based on an analysis that only considers the civil implications of the unilateral disposition of marital property- the right to effective judicial protection of the disregarded spouse and the good-faith acquirer may be violated in cases where they are unable to obtain any form of reparation or compensation due to the transferor’s insolvency; given that the content of said precedent denies litigants the possibility of activating criminal mechanisms, even when the facts may fall within the scope of the offense of estelionato.
Through binding precedent e) of the VIII Pleno Casatorio Civil, the Supreme Court established that any act involving the disposal of community property carried out without the participation of both spouses is null and void, as it contravenes the mandatory public order provision enshrined in article 315 of the Civil Code. Accordingly, this legal report highlights that, although the Plenary based its reasoning on the infringement of a public order civil norm, it failed to consider that such conduct may also constitute the criminal offense of estelionato, as defined in article 197, paragraph 4, of the Criminal Code-an offense that likewise qualifies as a public order provision. In this context, by applying normative instruments from the Civil Code (articles V, 140, 219, and 315) and the Criminal Code (articles 79 and 197), as well as relevant case law, it has been determined that this omission is counterproductive, as it compromises the protection of public order. Moreover, because as a direct consequence of Plenary precedent f) -which was created based on an analysis that only considers the civil implications of the unilateral disposition of marital property- the right to effective judicial protection of the disregarded spouse and the good-faith acquirer may be violated in cases where they are unable to obtain any form of reparation or compensation due to the transferor’s insolvency; given that the content of said precedent denies litigants the possibility of activating criminal mechanisms, even when the facts may fall within the scope of the offense of estelionato.
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Derecho penal--Perú--Junín, Derecho civil--Perú--Junín, Recurso de casación--Perú--Junín, Orden público--Perú--Junín, Sociedad conyugal--Perú--Junín
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