Discurso narrativo en niños y niñas de 5 y 6 años de la Institución Educativa Privada “La Casa Dei Bambini – Montessori” del distrito de Surquillo – Lima
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
La presente investigación se orienta a dar a conocer y difundir los resultados sobre el
desarrollo del discurso narrativo en niños y niñas próximos a pasar al nivel de educación
primaria, pues el manejo adecuado de habilidades discursivas es fundamental en la vida
escolar. Asimismo, tiene por objetivo determinar y comparar las características del discurso
narrativo de 8 niños y niñas de 5 y 6 años, según sexo y edad. Según la teoría de Pavez
et al. ( 2008), el discurso narrativo se emite en una situación comunicativa donde se
presentan los siguientes elementos: emisor, receptor, intención comunicativa y ámbito; de
modo que, para un logro correcto del discurso, es preciso que el emisor pueda transmitir en
verdad su intención comunicativa, manejando las capacidades sociales que le permitan
ajustarse a diversos receptores en diferentes espacios.
El enfoque de investigación fue mixto con un diseño descriptivo comparativo. Se evaluaron
las características narrativas de un grupo de niños de determinada institución educativa y,
al mismo tiempo, se realizó la comparación de las puntuaciones de dicha evaluación según
sexo y edad. En el proceso de la medición de las variables se utilizó como instrumento la
prueba Evaluación del Discurso Narrativo EDNA, la cual está compuesta de 3 pruebas:
Guiones, producción y comprensión de narraciones. Los resultados indican que no existe
relación directa y significativa en ambos grupos pues la edad ni el sexo han impactado en
el grupo de niños evaluados. El grupo se encontró al mismo nivel en cada prueba realizada.
En conclusión, estas variables no impactan en el perfil lingüístico del desarrollo narrativo
del grupo de niños de la muestra evaluada. Se sugiere seguir investigando sobre el
desempeño del discurso narrativo en preescolares de diferentes instituciones educativas
para obtener resultados más generalizados.
This research is aimed at making known and disseminating the results on the development of narrative discourse in boys and girls close to the level of primary education, since proper management of discursive skills is essential in school life. Likewise, it aims to determine and compare the characteristics of the narrative discourse of 8 boys and girls aged 5 and 6, according to sex and age. According to the theory of Pavez et al. (2008), the narrative discourse is emitted in a communicative situation where the following elements are presented: emitter, receiver, communicative intention and scope; so that, for a correct achievement of the speech, it is necessary that the sender can truly transmit his communicative intention, managing the social capacities that allow him to adjust to different receivers in different spaces. The research approach was mixed with a comparative descriptive design. The narrative characteristics of a group of children from a certain educational institution were evaluated and, at the same time, the scores of said evaluation were compared according to sex and age. In the process of measuring the variables, the EDNA Narrative Discourse Assessment test was used as an instrument, which is composed of 3 tests: Scripts, production and comprehension of narratives. The results indicate that there is no direct and significant relationship in both groups, since age and sex have had an impact on the group of children evaluated. The group was at the same level in each test carried out. In conclusion, these variables do not impact on the linguistic profile of the narrative development of the group of children in the evaluated sample. It is suggested to continue researching on the performance of narrative discourse in preschool children from different educational institutions to obtain more generalized results.
This research is aimed at making known and disseminating the results on the development of narrative discourse in boys and girls close to the level of primary education, since proper management of discursive skills is essential in school life. Likewise, it aims to determine and compare the characteristics of the narrative discourse of 8 boys and girls aged 5 and 6, according to sex and age. According to the theory of Pavez et al. (2008), the narrative discourse is emitted in a communicative situation where the following elements are presented: emitter, receiver, communicative intention and scope; so that, for a correct achievement of the speech, it is necessary that the sender can truly transmit his communicative intention, managing the social capacities that allow him to adjust to different receivers in different spaces. The research approach was mixed with a comparative descriptive design. The narrative characteristics of a group of children from a certain educational institution were evaluated and, at the same time, the scores of said evaluation were compared according to sex and age. In the process of measuring the variables, the EDNA Narrative Discourse Assessment test was used as an instrument, which is composed of 3 tests: Scripts, production and comprehension of narratives. The results indicate that there is no direct and significant relationship in both groups, since age and sex have had an impact on the group of children evaluated. The group was at the same level in each test carried out. In conclusion, these variables do not impact on the linguistic profile of the narrative development of the group of children in the evaluated sample. It is suggested to continue researching on the performance of narrative discourse in preschool children from different educational institutions to obtain more generalized results.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Análisis del discurso narrativo, Comprensión en niños--Perú--Surquillo (Lima : Distrito), Educación inicial--Perú--Surquillo (Lima : Distrito), Escuelas privadas--Perú--Surquillo (Lima : Distrito)--Estudio de casos
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