Proceso de enseñanza de la función cuadrática desde la matemática en el contexto de la ciencia en estudiantes de quinto de secundaria
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar, como la categorización de problemas
contextualizados, permiten a los estudiantes de quinto año de secundaria comprender la
noción de función cuadrática. Para resolver esta problemática se adoptó el marco teórico
Matemática en el Contexto de la Ciencias, en su fase didáctica; la cual nos permitió la
elaboración de nuestra actividad didáctica y la metodología empleada, la cual es de tipo
cualitativa que nos permitió describir, analizar situaciones del entorno del estudiante. Con
respecto a la parte experimental se realizó a 20 estudiantes donde sus edades oscilan entre
16 y 17 años, quienes desarrollaron una actividad didáctica que abarcó tres problemas
denominados, situaciones significativas de contexto, organizados adecuadamente en sus tres
categorías, con el objetivo de facilitar su conversión del registro natural al algebraico. Para el
análisis de los resultados de nuestro estudio, se analizó las soluciones de 4 estudiantes,
además de realizarles una entrevista no estructurada que nos ayudaron a interpretar de mejor
manera sus resultados. De los resultados, se concluye que mientras aumenta el nivel de la
categorización, el estudiante presenta mayor dificultad. En consecuencia; la categorización
ayudó parcialmente al estudiante a superar el tránsito de un lenguaje literal a uno algebraico,
pero la mayoría de estudiantes que no superó la actividad fue por falencias en conocimiento
intramatemáticos, como operaciones con números racionales.
This research aims to analyze how the categorization of contextualized problems allows fifthyear high school students to understand the notion of the quadratic function. To address this issue, the theoretical framework adopted was Mathematics in the Context of Science, in its didactic phase, which guided the design of the didactic activity and the methodology employed. A qualitative approach was used, which allowed us to describe and analyze situations related to the students' environment. Regarding the experimental part, the study was conducted with 20 students aged between 16 and 17, who developed a didactic activity that included three problems referred to as meaningful contextual situations, appropriately organized into three categories, with the aim of facilitating their conversion from natural language to algebraic representation. For the analysis of the results, the solutions of four students were examined in detail, and unstructured interviews were conducted to better interpret their responses. From the results, it is concluded that as the level of categorization increases, students face greater difficulty. Consequently, categorization partially helped students transition from literal to algebraic language. However, most of the students who did not succeed in the activity faced challenges due to shortcomings in intramathematical knowledge, such as operations with rational numbers.
This research aims to analyze how the categorization of contextualized problems allows fifthyear high school students to understand the notion of the quadratic function. To address this issue, the theoretical framework adopted was Mathematics in the Context of Science, in its didactic phase, which guided the design of the didactic activity and the methodology employed. A qualitative approach was used, which allowed us to describe and analyze situations related to the students' environment. Regarding the experimental part, the study was conducted with 20 students aged between 16 and 17, who developed a didactic activity that included three problems referred to as meaningful contextual situations, appropriately organized into three categories, with the aim of facilitating their conversion from natural language to algebraic representation. For the analysis of the results, the solutions of four students were examined in detail, and unstructured interviews were conducted to better interpret their responses. From the results, it is concluded that as the level of categorization increases, students face greater difficulty. Consequently, categorization partially helped students transition from literal to algebraic language. However, most of the students who did not succeed in the activity faced challenges due to shortcomings in intramathematical knowledge, such as operations with rational numbers.
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Matemáticas--Estudio y Enseñanza (Secundaria)--Perú, Álgebra--Problemas, ejercicios, etc., Función cuadrática
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