Los actos de indagación previa: Análisis a partir de la Instrucción General N.° 01-2018-MP-FN, el derecho comparado y de la jurisprudencia, que permitan determinar si su aplicación ¿vulnera el principio de legalidad procesal penal, el plazo razonable y el derecho a la defensa?
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La indagación previa comprende las diligencias o actuaciones realizadas por el fiscal
con el propósito de delimitar su competencia, evitar la duplicidad de denuncias y
estructurar adecuadamente los hechos conforme al estándar de sospecha simple. Su
finalidad es permitir un juicio de tipicidad preliminar y descartar causales de extinción
de la acción penal antes de la apertura formal de las diligencias preliminares. Esta
práctica, regulada por la Instrucción General N.° 1-2018-MP-FN y respaldada por el
artículo 61 del Código Procesal Penal, no vulnera el principio de legalidad procesal
penal. No obstante, al no estar expresamente prevista en el citado cuerpo normativo,
genera incertidumbre respecto al cómputo del plazo de la investigación preparatoria,
lo que afecta el principio de plazo razonable. Tampoco se advierte una vulneración al
derecho de defensa en aquellos actos de indagación previa que consisten en
diligencias de mera ordenación o de carácter documental, por su naturaleza unilateral;
sin embargo, sí podría configurarse una afectación cuando se recaban declaraciones
testimoniales en casos donde el indagado ya ha sido individualizado. Finalmente, se
analizan las implicancias jurídicas de mantener esta figura sin regulación expresa,
proponiéndose su incorporación normativa en el Código Procesal Penal a fin de dotar
de mayor certeza y seguridad jurídica a los justiciables.
The preliminary investigation comprises the proceedings or actions carried out by the prosecutor to delimit his jurisdiction, avoid duplication of complaints, and adequately structure the facts according to the simple suspicion standard. Its purpose is to allow a preliminary judgment of criminality and rule out grounds for the extinction of criminal proceedings before the formal opening of preliminary proceedings. This practice, regulated by General Instruction No. 1-2018-MP-FN and supported by Article 61 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, does not violate the principle of legality in criminal proceedings. However, since it is not expressly provided for in the aforementioned regulatory framework, it creates uncertainty regarding the calculation of the preliminary investigation period, which affects the principle of reasonable time. Nor is there a violation of the right to defense in those preliminary investigations that consist of purely administrative or documentary proceedings, due to their unilateral nature. However, an impact could arise when witness statements are collected in cases where the person under investigation has already been identified. Finally, the legal implications of maintaining this provision without express regulation are analyzed, and its incorporation into the Code of Criminal Procedure is proposed in order to provide greater certainty and legal security for those seeking justice.
The preliminary investigation comprises the proceedings or actions carried out by the prosecutor to delimit his jurisdiction, avoid duplication of complaints, and adequately structure the facts according to the simple suspicion standard. Its purpose is to allow a preliminary judgment of criminality and rule out grounds for the extinction of criminal proceedings before the formal opening of preliminary proceedings. This practice, regulated by General Instruction No. 1-2018-MP-FN and supported by Article 61 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, does not violate the principle of legality in criminal proceedings. However, since it is not expressly provided for in the aforementioned regulatory framework, it creates uncertainty regarding the calculation of the preliminary investigation period, which affects the principle of reasonable time. Nor is there a violation of the right to defense in those preliminary investigations that consist of purely administrative or documentary proceedings, due to their unilateral nature. However, an impact could arise when witness statements are collected in cases where the person under investigation has already been identified. Finally, the legal implications of maintaining this provision without express regulation are analyzed, and its incorporation into the Code of Criminal Procedure is proposed in order to provide greater certainty and legal security for those seeking justice.
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Derecho procesal penal--Perú, Procedimiento penal--Perú, Plazo legal--Perú
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item.page.endorsement
item.page.review
item.page.supplemented
item.page.referenced
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