Conocimiento sobre conceptos básicos de matemáticas en las docentes de educación inicial de instituciones educativas privadas y públicas de la ciudad de Tacna
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
La educación inicial es un período transcendental en el desarrollo del pensamiento lógico matemático,
pues se establecen las bases esenciales para desarrollar las competencias matemáticas a aplicar durante
toda la etapa escolar. Para ello es necesario la adecuada aplicación de programas educativos, que
desarrollen de manera progresiva dichas competencias, siendo indispensable la formación del docente.
Es por ello que, la presente investigación se inscribe en la necesidad de comparar el nivel de
conocimiento sobre conceptos básicos de matemáticas en las docentes de educación inicial de las
instituciones educativas privadas y públicas de la ciudad de Tacna. El estudio se desarrolló bajo un
enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo básica, con un diseño descriptivo-comparativo, involucrando a 78 docentes
seleccionados, mediante técnica censal. Los datos fueron recolectados mediante un cuestionario de
conocimientos (CONBA-MAI) adaptado de Oria (2022), de 45 ítems, estructurados en cuatro nociones
matemáticas: básicas, de orden, ordinalidad y conteo. Los resultados mostraron diferencias
significativas en el conocimiento según el tipo de gestión educativa donde las instituciones privadas
sobresalieron de manera más consistente en el conjunto de resultados, que las públicas. Los docentes
que enseñan en una IE privada destacaron en nociones básicas, de orden, y conteo mientras que, en
cuanto a la noción de ordinalidad, si bien se observa una ligera variación entre ambos grupos, esta no
fue estadísticamente significativa, lo que sugiere una homogeneidad relativa en este aspecto, con
respecto a las pedagogas de las instituciones públicas.
Early education is a transcendental period in the development of mathematical logical thinking, as the essential foundations are established to develop the mathematical skills to be applied throughout the school stage. To this end, it is necessary to properly apply educational programs that progressively develop these competencies, and teacher training is essential. That is why this research is inscribed in the need to compare the level of knowledge about basic concepts of mathematics in early childhood education teachers of private and public educational institutions in the city of Tacna. The study was developed under a quantitative, basic approach, with a descriptive-comparative design, involving 78 teachers selected, using census technique. The data were collected through a knowledge questionnaire (CONBA-MAI) adapted from Oria (2022), of 45 items, structured in four mathematical notions: basic, order, ordinality, and counting. The results showed significant differences in knowledge according to the type of educational management, where private institutions stood out more consistently in the set of results than public ones. Teachers who teach in a private EI excelled in basic notions, order, and counting, while, as for the notion of ordinality, although a slight variation is observed between both groups, this was not statistically significant, which suggests a relative homogeneity in this aspect, with respect to the pedagogues of public institutions.
Early education is a transcendental period in the development of mathematical logical thinking, as the essential foundations are established to develop the mathematical skills to be applied throughout the school stage. To this end, it is necessary to properly apply educational programs that progressively develop these competencies, and teacher training is essential. That is why this research is inscribed in the need to compare the level of knowledge about basic concepts of mathematics in early childhood education teachers of private and public educational institutions in the city of Tacna. The study was developed under a quantitative, basic approach, with a descriptive-comparative design, involving 78 teachers selected, using census technique. The data were collected through a knowledge questionnaire (CONBA-MAI) adapted from Oria (2022), of 45 items, structured in four mathematical notions: basic, order, ordinality, and counting. The results showed significant differences in knowledge according to the type of educational management, where private institutions stood out more consistently in the set of results than public ones. Teachers who teach in a private EI excelled in basic notions, order, and counting, while, as for the notion of ordinality, although a slight variation is observed between both groups, this was not statistically significant, which suggests a relative homogeneity in this aspect, with respect to the pedagogues of public institutions.
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Palabras clave
Matemáticas--Estudio y enseñanza (Preescolar), Personal docente--Evaluación, Gestión educativa--Perú--Tacna, Educación preescolar--Investigaciones
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