Modelo ProLab: Santa Trinitá, una propuesta de cementerio ecológico, tranquilidad eterna para los difuntos de Huancayo, Sumaq Yuyay – Cementerio de la Memoria Viva.
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
En un contexto urbano de expansión demográfica y presión sobre los recursos
naturales, este proyecto integra la perspectiva ambiental en un servicio altamente demandado,
transformando el concepto de cementerio en un espacio de vida y sostenibilidad. El problema
social relevante que aborda este proyecto se relaciona con la forma en que los entierros
tradicionales generan efectos negativos sobre el ambiente y el bienestar colectivo. El uso de
materiales no biodegradables, el embalsamamiento con productos tóxicos como el
formaldehído, la construcción de nichos de concreto y el mantenimiento intensivo de áreas
verdes implican contaminación del suelo, altas emisiones de CO₂, consumo excesivo de agua
y pérdida de biodiversidad.
La solución propuesta es la creación de un cementerio ecológico que emplee
exclusivamente ataúdes biodegradables, prescinda de embalsamamientos químicos y
promueva el uso del espacio como un bosque vivo con especies nativas. Este modelo incluye
una propuesta administrativa integral, donde el servicio es gratuito para los clientes en
situación vulnerable, incluyendo la gestión del certificado de defunción, y se autofinancia
mediante la oferta de servicios complementarios y alianzas con instituciones. Asimismo, el
cementerio se convierte en un ecosistema regenerativo, en el cual la muerte deja de ser un
residuo y pasa a ser parte activa de la restauración ambiental. A nivel cultural y social, esta
propuesta fomenta una nueva relación con la muerte, más humana, sostenible y conectada
con el entorno natural.
Desde el punto de vista financiero, el proyecto presenta una inversión inicial total de
S/ 2,978,041, financiada en un 35 % con aportes patrimoniales (S/ 500,000) y en un 65 %
mediante deuda privada de socios (S/ 928,000). La tasa de descuento utilizada (WACC) fue
de 11.97 %, Con un Valor Actual Neto (VAN financiero) de S/ 14,408,436 y una Tasa
Interna de Retorno (TIR) del 118.42 %, valores que demuestran una rentabilidad muy
elevada. En términos de rentabilidad social, el resultado fue un VAN Social positivo de S/
1,476,650 en cinco años, lo que demuestra que el proyecto genera valor neto para la sociedad
incluso bajo un enfoque no lucrativo. En cuanto al alineamiento con los Objetivos de
Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS), el proyecto contribuye de forma significativa al ODS 11
(Ciudades y Comunidades Sostenibles), con un impacto del 57 % al promover espacios
verdes, patrimonio cultural, planificación urbana sostenible y reducción de la contaminación.
Además, se alinea con el ODS 13 (Acción por el Clima), con un impacto estimado del 77.8
%, gracias a su contribución a la resiliencia climática, su integración en políticas locales de
sostenibilidad y su efecto en la educación ambiental. También se establece una vinculación
secundaria con el ODS 15 (Vida de Ecosistemas Terrestres), por su rol en la conservación de
la biodiversidad en la sierra peruana.
In an urban context of population expansion and pressure on natural resources, this project integrates an environmental perspective into a highly demanded service, transforming the concept of the cemetery into a space for living and sustainability. The relevant social problem addressed by this project relates to the way traditional burials generate negative effects on the environment and collective well-being. The use of non-biodegradable materials, embalming with toxic products such as formaldehyde, the construction of concrete niches, and the intensive maintenance of green areas lead to soil pollution, high CO₂ emissions, excessive water consumption, and loss of biodiversity. The proposed solution is the creation of an ecological cemetery that uses exclusively biodegradable coffins, dispenses with chemical embalming, and promotes the use of the space as a living forest with native species. This model includes a comprehensive administrative proposal, where the service is free for clients in vulnerable situations, including the processing of death certificates. It is self-financing through the provision of complementary services and partnerships with institutions. Likewise, the cemetery becomes a regenerative ecosystem, in which death ceases to be a waste product and becomes an active part of environmental restoration. On a cultural and social level, this proposal fosters a new relationship with death, one that is more humane, sustainable, and connected to the natural environment. From a financial perspective, the project represents a total initial investment of S/2,978,041, financed 35% by equity contributions (S/500,000) and 65% by private debt from partners (S/928,000). The discount rate used (WACC) was 11.97%, with a Net Present Value (NPV) of S/14,408,436 and an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 118.42%, values that demonstrate very high profitability. In terms of social profitability, the result was a positive Social NPV of S/ 1,476,650 over five years, demonstrating that the project generates net value for society even under a non-profit approach. Regarding alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the project significantly contributes to SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), with a 57% impact by promoting green spaces, cultural heritage, sustainable urban planning, and pollution reduction. Furthermore, it aligns with SDG 13 (Climate Action), with an estimated impact of 77.8%, thanks to its contribution to climate resilience, its integration into local sustainability policies, and its impact on environmental education. A secondary link is also established with SDG 15 (Life on Land), due to its role in biodiversity conservation in the Peruvian highlands.
In an urban context of population expansion and pressure on natural resources, this project integrates an environmental perspective into a highly demanded service, transforming the concept of the cemetery into a space for living and sustainability. The relevant social problem addressed by this project relates to the way traditional burials generate negative effects on the environment and collective well-being. The use of non-biodegradable materials, embalming with toxic products such as formaldehyde, the construction of concrete niches, and the intensive maintenance of green areas lead to soil pollution, high CO₂ emissions, excessive water consumption, and loss of biodiversity. The proposed solution is the creation of an ecological cemetery that uses exclusively biodegradable coffins, dispenses with chemical embalming, and promotes the use of the space as a living forest with native species. This model includes a comprehensive administrative proposal, where the service is free for clients in vulnerable situations, including the processing of death certificates. It is self-financing through the provision of complementary services and partnerships with institutions. Likewise, the cemetery becomes a regenerative ecosystem, in which death ceases to be a waste product and becomes an active part of environmental restoration. On a cultural and social level, this proposal fosters a new relationship with death, one that is more humane, sustainable, and connected to the natural environment. From a financial perspective, the project represents a total initial investment of S/2,978,041, financed 35% by equity contributions (S/500,000) and 65% by private debt from partners (S/928,000). The discount rate used (WACC) was 11.97%, with a Net Present Value (NPV) of S/14,408,436 and an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 118.42%, values that demonstrate very high profitability. In terms of social profitability, the result was a positive Social NPV of S/ 1,476,650 over five years, demonstrating that the project generates net value for society even under a non-profit approach. Regarding alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the project significantly contributes to SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), with a 57% impact by promoting green spaces, cultural heritage, sustainable urban planning, and pollution reduction. Furthermore, it aligns with SDG 13 (Climate Action), with an estimated impact of 77.8%, thanks to its contribution to climate resilience, its integration into local sustainability policies, and its impact on environmental education. A secondary link is also established with SDG 15 (Life on Land), due to its role in biodiversity conservation in the Peruvian highlands.
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Plan de negocios, Cementerios--Perú, Productos ecológicos, Biodegradación
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