Acumulación de sedimentos del embalse de Tulumayo de la Central Hidroeléctrica Chimay – Propuesta de solución
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
El presente estudio se desarrolla en la empresa Orygen Perú1
para abordar las restricciones
operativas generadas por la acumulación continua de sedimentos en el embalse Tulumayo
(producto del aporte de sedimentos de los ríos Uchubamba, Marancocha y Comas), el cual al
inicio de las operaciones en el año 2000 registraba 2,100,000m
3
de almacenamiento de agua,
de la cual el volumen útil correspondía a 1,500,000 m
3
. Según los resultados del monitoreo de
caudal y hábitat en el área de influencia de la central hidroeléctrica Chimay realizado el 2024,
en octubre del 2024 alcanzó 1,178,667.30 m
3
, lo que representa una reducción del 43.87% de
la capacidad total del embalse y 21.4% de la capacidad útil del embalse.
De acuerdo con los resultados de los monitoreos realizados, la reducción promedio de la
capacidad útil representa una disminución del 7.83% de la capacidad útil del embalse, lo cual
impacta en la producción de electricidad reduciéndola, así como en el cumplimiento de su
compromiso inmediato con la sostenibilidad, además de afectar la imagen corporativa de la
empresa Chinango S.A.C., cuyo capital mayoritario es de Orygen Perú, así como su
compromiso inmediato con la sostenibilidad, además de afectar la imagen corporativa de la
empresa Chinango S.A.C., (en adelante Chinango), operadora de la Central Hidroeléctrica
Chimay, cuyo capital mayoritario es de Orygen Perú.
Por otra parte, la disminución de la capacidad del embalse afecta los resultados financieros de
Chinango S.A.C., al generarse un incremento en costos operativos, toda vez, que esta
condición implica incrementar la frecuencia de mantenimientos de la central.
Para caracterizar el problema, se emplearon herramientas como el modelo de las cinco
fuerzas de Porter, el análisis PESTEL y diagrama de Ishikawa, encontrando que las causas
raíces del problema de sedimentos en el embalse Tulumayo es la falta de control de los
sedimentos que llegan al embalse y los métodos de operación, siendo prioritario gestionar los
sedimentos que llegan al embalse para lograr recuperar parte o todo el volumen perdido y
posteriormente modificar los métodos de operación para conservar lo recuperado, así como
mitigar el crecimiento del impacto a las comunidades ubicadas en la cola del embalse, con
pérdida de sus tierras en cada temporada.
Analizando el contexto anterior, se ofrecen distintas alternativas de solución para el problema
de sedimentos mediante la canalización del río Uchubamba (que converge al embalse
Tulumayo) a fin de gestionar y controlar la distribución de sedimentos de manera eficiente.
Entre estas alternativas se tienen: el dragado, la extracción con maquinaria, el encausamiento
con gaviones y el encausamiento sin gaviones; para así recuperar de forma progresiva el
volumen útil perdido y a la vez aumentar la producción de energía en aproximadamente
13,900 megavatios anualmente, con un VAN esperado de S/ 39,790,711 y un VAN social de
S/ 316,103.
La línea de investigación del presente proyecto se centra en: “Gestión, sostenibilidad y
responsabilidad organizacional en el Perú”.
The present study is developed in the company Orygen Peru based on the problems raised by the continuous accumulation of sediments in the Tulumayo reservoir (due to the transport of sediments from the Uchubamba, Marancocha and Comas rivers), which at the beginning of the operations in the year 2000 recorded 2,100,000 m 3 of total water storage capacity and as of October 2024 it is 1,178,667.30 m 3 (according to the flow and habitat monitoring in the area of influence of the hydroelectric power plant Chimay – december 2024), which represents a 43.87% reduction in the total capacity of the reservoir. With the useful volume of the reservoir being 1,500,000 m 3 , this reduction represents a 20.6% decrease in the useful capacity of the reservoir, which results in a lower production of electricity and at the same time affects the corporate image of the company Chinango S.A.C., whose majority capital is owned by Orygen Peru, as well as its immediate commitment to sustainability and the residents who receive its services. On the other hand, the decrease in the capacity of the reservoir affects the financial results of Chinango S.A.C., by generating an increase in operating costs, since this condition implies increasing the frequency of maintenance at the plant. To characterize the problem, tools such as the Porter five-force model, PESTEL analysis and Ishikawa diagram were used, finding that the root causes of the sediment problem in the Tulumayo reservoir are the lack of control of the sediments that reach the reservoir and the operating methods, being important to first manage the sediments that reach the reservoir to recover part or all of the lost volume and then modify the operating methods to conserve what was recovered, as well as mitigate the growth of the impact on the communities located at the tail of the reservoir, with loss of their lands in each season. Analyzing the previous context, different solution alternatives are offered to address the sediment problem with the channeling of the Uchubamba River (which converges to the Tulumayo reservoir) to manage and control the distribution of sediments efficiently. These alternatives include: dredging, extraction with machinery, channeling with gabions and channeling without gabions; in order to progressively recover the lost useful volume and at the same time increase energy production by approximately 13,900 megawatts annually, with an expected NPV of S/ 39,790,711 and a social NPV of S/ 316,103. The research line of this project focuses on: “Management, sustainability and organizational responsibility in Peru”.
The present study is developed in the company Orygen Peru based on the problems raised by the continuous accumulation of sediments in the Tulumayo reservoir (due to the transport of sediments from the Uchubamba, Marancocha and Comas rivers), which at the beginning of the operations in the year 2000 recorded 2,100,000 m 3 of total water storage capacity and as of October 2024 it is 1,178,667.30 m 3 (according to the flow and habitat monitoring in the area of influence of the hydroelectric power plant Chimay – december 2024), which represents a 43.87% reduction in the total capacity of the reservoir. With the useful volume of the reservoir being 1,500,000 m 3 , this reduction represents a 20.6% decrease in the useful capacity of the reservoir, which results in a lower production of electricity and at the same time affects the corporate image of the company Chinango S.A.C., whose majority capital is owned by Orygen Peru, as well as its immediate commitment to sustainability and the residents who receive its services. On the other hand, the decrease in the capacity of the reservoir affects the financial results of Chinango S.A.C., by generating an increase in operating costs, since this condition implies increasing the frequency of maintenance at the plant. To characterize the problem, tools such as the Porter five-force model, PESTEL analysis and Ishikawa diagram were used, finding that the root causes of the sediment problem in the Tulumayo reservoir are the lack of control of the sediments that reach the reservoir and the operating methods, being important to first manage the sediments that reach the reservoir to recover part or all of the lost volume and then modify the operating methods to conserve what was recovered, as well as mitigate the growth of the impact on the communities located at the tail of the reservoir, with loss of their lands in each season. Analyzing the previous context, different solution alternatives are offered to address the sediment problem with the channeling of the Uchubamba River (which converges to the Tulumayo reservoir) to manage and control the distribution of sediments efficiently. These alternatives include: dredging, extraction with machinery, channeling with gabions and channeling without gabions; in order to progressively recover the lost useful volume and at the same time increase energy production by approximately 13,900 megawatts annually, with an expected NPV of S/ 39,790,711 and a social NPV of S/ 316,103. The research line of this project focuses on: “Management, sustainability and organizational responsibility in Peru”.
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Consultores de empresas, Planificación estratégica, Responsabilidad social de las empresas