Predictores psicolingüísticos de la lectoescritura en niños de inicial de 5 años de la región Cajamarca y San Martín
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
El presente estudio pretende conocer el nivel de desempeño en los predictores psicolingüísticos
de la lectoescritura que están relacionados con la adquisición de la lectura y escritura. El diseño
es de tipo descriptivo, cuantitativo. Se realizó en una muestra de 27 niños de 5 años del nivel
inicial de la I.E “Divino Maestro” en la región Cajamarca y 28 niños de 5 años del nivel inicial
de la Asociación “Fe y desarrollo” de la región San Martín. Se utilizó la Batería para la
evaluación de los predictores fonológicos de la lectoescritura (FOLE-5), así como también un
cuestionario a los padres de familia para recoger datos sociodemográficos de los estudiantes y
su contexto.
Las investigadoras rechazan la hipótesis general, ya que los evaluados no alcanzaron el nivel
medio esperado, encontrándose dificultades concretas en nombrado de letras y memoria
operativa. En relación a las hipótesis especificas son tres de ellas en las que se valida la hipótesis
nula y se rechaza la alterna; es decir, no se encuentran diferencias significativas en las variables
de sexo, edad y región; sin embargo, en esta última es necesario mencionar que, a pesar de no
mostrar diferencias generales, se destaca la puntuación de un predictor para la región Cajamarca,
y para la región San Martin en otro predictor. Por el contrario, se rechaza la hipótesis nula y se
rechaza la alterna en la variable procedencia encontrándose diferencias significativas en tres
predictores con mayor puntaje en los niños de ciudad que de caserío.
The present study aims to determine the performance level in the psycholinguistic predictors of literacy related to the acquisition of reading and writing. The design is descriptive and quantitative. The study was conducted with a sample of 27 five-year-old children from the kindergarten level at the “Divino Maestro” Educational Institution in the Cajamarca region, and 28 five-year-old children from the kindergarten level at the “Fe y Desarrollo” Association in the San Martín region. The FOLE-5 Battery for evaluating phonological predictors of literacy was used, as well as a questionnaire for parents to collect students' sociodemographic data and contextual information. The researchers rejected the general hypothesis since the evaluated children did not reach the expected average level, showing specific difficulties in letter naming and working memory. Regarding the specific hypotheses, three of them validated the null hypothesis and rejected the alternate hypothesis; in other words, no significant differences were found in the variables of gender, age, and region. However, in the regional variable, despite not showing general differences, one predictor stood out for the Cajamarca region and another predictor for the San Martín region. On the other hand, the null hypothesis was rejected, and the alternate hypothesis was accepted for the variable of origin, finding significant differences in three predictors, with higher scores for children from urban areas compared to those from rural areas.
The present study aims to determine the performance level in the psycholinguistic predictors of literacy related to the acquisition of reading and writing. The design is descriptive and quantitative. The study was conducted with a sample of 27 five-year-old children from the kindergarten level at the “Divino Maestro” Educational Institution in the Cajamarca region, and 28 five-year-old children from the kindergarten level at the “Fe y Desarrollo” Association in the San Martín region. The FOLE-5 Battery for evaluating phonological predictors of literacy was used, as well as a questionnaire for parents to collect students' sociodemographic data and contextual information. The researchers rejected the general hypothesis since the evaluated children did not reach the expected average level, showing specific difficulties in letter naming and working memory. Regarding the specific hypotheses, three of them validated the null hypothesis and rejected the alternate hypothesis; in other words, no significant differences were found in the variables of gender, age, and region. However, in the regional variable, despite not showing general differences, one predictor stood out for the Cajamarca region and another predictor for the San Martín region. On the other hand, the null hypothesis was rejected, and the alternate hypothesis was accepted for the variable of origin, finding significant differences in three predictors, with higher scores for children from urban areas compared to those from rural areas.
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Palabras clave
Niños--Lenguaje, Lenguaje--Adquisición, Psicolingüística, Educación preescolar--Investigaciones, Fonología
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