Construcciones partidarias a nivel subnacional: El caso del partido político Alianza Para el Progreso (APP) en las regiones de La Libertad y Lambayeque (2014 – 2022)
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2025-01-30
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Abstract
En un sistema de partidos políticos caracterizado por ser una democracia sin
partidos desde el retorno a la democracia en el Perú, Alianza Para el Progreso (APP) ha
logrado erigirse como un caso atípico, al haber podido mantenerse en el tiempo, pero
exitoso, por haber conseguido victorias importantes a nivel subnacional y un apoyo
electoral considerable en las elecciones nacionales. Desde las elecciones subnacionales
de 2014 hasta las de 2022, APP ha logrado ganar ininterrumpidamente en su región
originaria el Gobierno Regional de La Libertad, mientras que ha conseguido obtener
resultados electorales importantes en la región aledaña de Lambayeque. En ese sentido,
¿cómo entender las principales diferencias de logros políticos alcanzados por APP en
ambas regiones? Específicamente, ¿por qué APP es un partido dominante en La
Libertad, mientras que en Lambayeque aparece como un partido competitivo? A partir de
la literatura sobre partidos dominantes, capital administrativo, sustitutos partidarios,
clientelismo y personalismo se ha construido un modelo teórico que permite explicar este
fenómeno. Primero, se abordan las estrategias para la construcción de un partido
dominante y, luego, los desafíos para su trascendencia territorial. Se plantea que APP en
La Libertad es la versión primigenia y completa del partido, mientras que en Lambayeque
es una versión secundaria e incompleta en sus componentes. Ello permite entender las
diferencias en las características partidarias y ventajas electorales con las que cuenta
APP en ambas regiones, permitiéndole obtener distintos logros políticos, concretamente,
ser el partido dominante en una región y un partido competitivo en la otra.
In a party system characterised as a democracy without parties since Peru's return to democracy, Alianza Para el Progreso (APP) has managed to establish itself as an atypical case, by being able to sustain itself over time, but successfully, by achieving important victories at the sub-national level and significant electoral support in national elections. From the sub-national elections of 2014 to those of 2022, APP has managed to win uninterruptedly in its home region the Regional Government of La Libertad, while it has managed to obtain important electoral results in the neighbouring region of Lambayeque. In that sense, how can we understand the main differences in APP's political achievements in both regions? Specifically, why is APP a dominant party in La Libertad, while in Lambayeque it appears as a competitive party? Based on the literature on dominant parties, administrative capital, party substitutes, clientelism and personalism, a theoretical model has been constructed to explain this phenomenon. First, the strategies for the construction of a dominant party are addressed, and subsequently, the challenges for its territorial transcendence. It is argued that APP in La Libertad is the original and complete version of the party, while in Lambayeque it is a secondary and incomplete version in its components. This allows us to understand the differences in the party characteristics and electoral advantages that APP has in both regions, allowing it to obtain different political achievements, namely, being the dominant party in one region and a competitive party in the other.
In a party system characterised as a democracy without parties since Peru's return to democracy, Alianza Para el Progreso (APP) has managed to establish itself as an atypical case, by being able to sustain itself over time, but successfully, by achieving important victories at the sub-national level and significant electoral support in national elections. From the sub-national elections of 2014 to those of 2022, APP has managed to win uninterruptedly in its home region the Regional Government of La Libertad, while it has managed to obtain important electoral results in the neighbouring region of Lambayeque. In that sense, how can we understand the main differences in APP's political achievements in both regions? Specifically, why is APP a dominant party in La Libertad, while in Lambayeque it appears as a competitive party? Based on the literature on dominant parties, administrative capital, party substitutes, clientelism and personalism, a theoretical model has been constructed to explain this phenomenon. First, the strategies for the construction of a dominant party are addressed, and subsequently, the challenges for its territorial transcendence. It is argued that APP in La Libertad is the original and complete version of the party, while in Lambayeque it is a secondary and incomplete version in its components. This allows us to understand the differences in the party characteristics and electoral advantages that APP has in both regions, allowing it to obtain different political achievements, namely, being the dominant party in one region and a competitive party in the other.
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Alianza para el Progreso (Perú), Gobiernos subnacionales--Perú--La Libertad, Gobiernos subnacionales--Perú--Lambayeque, Elecciones locales--Perú--La Libertad, Elecciones locales--Perú--Lambayeque
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