La participación del Perú en instituciones internacionales de ciberdefensa y ciberseguridad: Un análisis en la respuesta al ciberataque de Guacamaya en 2022
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Resumen
La presente tesis analiza el papel de la participación del Perú en instituciones
internacionales de ciberseguridad y ciberdefensa en la respuesta al ciberataque del
grupo hacktivista Guacamaya en 2022. La pregunta central que guía este estudio es:
¿contribuyó esta participación a la respuesta de Perú frente a dicha amenaza?
Basándose en la hipótesis de que la adhesión a estas instituciones facilitó el acceso
a mecanismos de cooperación, recursos, información y apoyo técnico, se analiza su
papel en la respuesta del país para gestionar la crisis. Teóricamente, este estudio se
fundamenta en una comprensión del concepto de seguridad adaptada al contexto
contemporáneo del hacktivismo, un fenómeno que ha añadido complejidad a la
defensa cibernética global. Desde el marco del institucionalismo liberal, se sostiene
que las instituciones internacionales promueven la cooperación y el intercambio de
información, esenciales para una respuesta mejor coordinada ante las amenazas
cibernéticas. Asimismo, se analiza cómo el ciberespacio redefine las relaciones de
poder y obliga a los Estados a colaborar más estrechamente para proteger sus
infraestructuras críticas. Los hallazgos del análisis destacan que, aunque la
participación de Perú en instituciones como la Organización de Estados Americanos
(OEA) contribuyó a una defensa más sólida frente al ataque de Guacamaya, la
respuesta fue en gran medida defensiva, dejando de lado posibles estrategias
ofensivas. Además, se observa que Perú puede colaborar con entidades
internacionales, como la OTAN, sin necesariamente ser miembro de estas, ampliando
así sus opciones de cooperación. El estudio resalta que, si bien Perú ha avanzado en
su seguridad digital mediante la cooperación internacional, es importante que el país
continúe adaptándose a las cambiantes dinámicas del ciberespacio. Esto implica
fortalecer tanto sus compromisos internacionales como el desarrollo de estrategias
internas que equilibren defensas y respuestas ofensivas, para así enfrentar de manera
más integral futuras amenazas cibernéticas.
This thesis analyzes the role of Peru's participation in international cybersecurity and cyberdefense institutions in its response to the 2022 cyberattack by the hacktivist group Guacamaya. The central question guiding this study is: Did this participation contribute to Peru's response to the threat? Based on the hypothesis that membership in these institutions facilitated access to cooperation mechanisms, resources, information, and technical support, the study examines their role in the country's response to managing the crisis. Theoretically, this study is grounded in a contemporary understanding of security, adapted to the context of hacktivism, a phenomenon that has added complexity to global cybersecurity defense. From the perspective of liberal institutionalism, it is argued that international institutions foster cooperation and information exchange, which are essential for a more coordinated response to cyber threats. Additionally, the study explores how cyberspace redefines power relations and compels states to collaborate more closely to protect their critical infrastructures. The findings highlight that, while Peru's participation in institutions such as the Organization of American States (OAS) contributed to a stronger defense against the Guacamaya attack, the response was largely defensive, neglecting potential offensive strategies. Moreover, it is noted that Peru can collaborate with international entities, such as NATO, without necessarily being a member, thus broadening its cooperation options. The study emphasizes that, although Peru has advanced its digital security through international cooperation, it is crucial for the country to continue adapting to the evolving dynamics of cyberspace. This entails strengthening both its international commitments and the development of internal strategies that balance defense and offensive responses, in order to more comprehensively address future cyber threats.
This thesis analyzes the role of Peru's participation in international cybersecurity and cyberdefense institutions in its response to the 2022 cyberattack by the hacktivist group Guacamaya. The central question guiding this study is: Did this participation contribute to Peru's response to the threat? Based on the hypothesis that membership in these institutions facilitated access to cooperation mechanisms, resources, information, and technical support, the study examines their role in the country's response to managing the crisis. Theoretically, this study is grounded in a contemporary understanding of security, adapted to the context of hacktivism, a phenomenon that has added complexity to global cybersecurity defense. From the perspective of liberal institutionalism, it is argued that international institutions foster cooperation and information exchange, which are essential for a more coordinated response to cyber threats. Additionally, the study explores how cyberspace redefines power relations and compels states to collaborate more closely to protect their critical infrastructures. The findings highlight that, while Peru's participation in institutions such as the Organization of American States (OAS) contributed to a stronger defense against the Guacamaya attack, the response was largely defensive, neglecting potential offensive strategies. Moreover, it is noted that Peru can collaborate with international entities, such as NATO, without necessarily being a member, thus broadening its cooperation options. The study emphasizes that, although Peru has advanced its digital security through international cooperation, it is crucial for the country to continue adapting to the evolving dynamics of cyberspace. This entails strengthening both its international commitments and the development of internal strategies that balance defense and offensive responses, in order to more comprehensively address future cyber threats.
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Seguridad informática--Perú, Ciberespacio--Perú, Delitos por computadora--México, Perú--Relaciones exteriores
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item.page.review
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