Propuesta de mecanismo de evaluación ex post en los contratos de concesión en el Perú
Date
2022-10-14
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El objetivo general del trabajo es el de proponer un sistema de evaluación ex post de las
asociaciones público privadas (APP), basado en indicadores de desempeño que permita medir
los resultados obtenidos dichos proyectos frente a los objetivos inicialmente planteados por las
autoridades. Esta metodología puede resultar útil para monitorear y evaluar los resultados de las
APP y con ello identificar oportunidades de mejora y lecciones aprendidas para el diseño futuros
contratos.
De manera específica el trabajo plantea un ejemplo de este tipo de evaluación ex post, a partir
de la construcción de un set de indicadores para las etapas de planificación y diseño,
construcción y operación en proyectos del sector aeroportuario. Un segundo objetivo
específico, es la estimación de estos indicadores y de acuerdo con los resultados alcanzados
extraer lecciones aprendidas y oportunidades de mejora. El tercer objetivo específico, es el de
proponer una modificación de normas para incluir una etapa de análisis de evaluación ex post
en el marco de los procesos de promoción de la inversión privada, con el fin de establecer
indicadores predecibles, estandarizados e institucionalizar este tipo de análisis.
El método empleado para determinar los indicadores es el uso de un modelo lógico consistente
en la cadena proceso, insumo, producto y resultado para cada fase de los proyectos. Además, se
usó la experiencia internacional en este tipo de exámenes para optimizar los indicadores ex post.
De esta forma, fue posible elaborar indicadores ex post, los cuales fueron aplicados en el sector
aeroportuario, donde se encontró resultados que muestran un funcionamiento óptimo en parte
de los procesos mientras que otros indicadores mostraron niveles por debajo de losesperados.
Se concluye la utilidad del uso de estos indicadores para medir el desempeño de las concesiones
en el Perú, análisis que a la fecha no se ha realizado. Además, los resultados obtenidos permiten
identificar fallas en el proceso, oportunidades de mejora y lecciones aprendidas para futuras
APP.
The general objective of this paper is to propose an ex post evaluation system for public-private partnerships (PPPs), based on performance indicators to measure the results obtained by these projects against the objectives initially set by the authorities. This methodology can be useful to monitor and evaluate the results of PPPs and thus identify opportunities for improvement and lessons learned for the design of future contracts. Specifically, the paper presents an example of this type of ex post evaluation, based on the construction of a set of performance indicators for the planning and design, construction and operation stages of airport sector projects. A second specific objective is to estimate these performance indicators and, based on the results achieved, to extract lessons learned and opportunities for improvement. The third specific objective is to propose a modification of norms to include an ex post evaluation analysis stage in the framework of private investment promotion processes, in order to establish predictable, standardized indicators and institutionalize this type of analysis. The method used to determine the indicators is the use of a logical framework consisting of the process, input, output and result chain for each phase of the projects. In addition, international experience in this type of review was used to optimize ex post indicators. In this way, it was possible to elaborate ex post indicators, which were applied in the airport sector, where results were found to show an optimal performance in part of the processes while other indicators showed levels below the expected ones. We conclude the usefulness of using these indicators to measure the performance of PPPs in Peru, an analysis that has not been carried out to date. In addition, the results obtained allow the identification of process failures, opportunities for improvement and lessons learned for future concession contracts.
The general objective of this paper is to propose an ex post evaluation system for public-private partnerships (PPPs), based on performance indicators to measure the results obtained by these projects against the objectives initially set by the authorities. This methodology can be useful to monitor and evaluate the results of PPPs and thus identify opportunities for improvement and lessons learned for the design of future contracts. Specifically, the paper presents an example of this type of ex post evaluation, based on the construction of a set of performance indicators for the planning and design, construction and operation stages of airport sector projects. A second specific objective is to estimate these performance indicators and, based on the results achieved, to extract lessons learned and opportunities for improvement. The third specific objective is to propose a modification of norms to include an ex post evaluation analysis stage in the framework of private investment promotion processes, in order to establish predictable, standardized indicators and institutionalize this type of analysis. The method used to determine the indicators is the use of a logical framework consisting of the process, input, output and result chain for each phase of the projects. In addition, international experience in this type of review was used to optimize ex post indicators. In this way, it was possible to elaborate ex post indicators, which were applied in the airport sector, where results were found to show an optimal performance in part of the processes while other indicators showed levels below the expected ones. We conclude the usefulness of using these indicators to measure the performance of PPPs in Peru, an analysis that has not been carried out to date. In addition, the results obtained allow the identification of process failures, opportunities for improvement and lessons learned for future concession contracts.
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Asociaciones--Perú
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