Covid-19 y los cambios en la compra y consumo de alimentos procesados: Lima 2020-2021
Date
2023-09-04
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El presente estudio evaluó de qué manera la cuarentena por la COVID-19 tuvo
incidencia en el cambio de hábitos de compra y consumo de alimentos procesados (categoría
que incluye a los alimentos listos para cocinar y a los listos para comer), en los niveles
socioeconómicos A, B, C y D de la ciudad de Lima durante el período 2020-2021. El camino
planteado para llegar al objetivo general fue a partir del análisis profundo de 5 factores
específicos de las dimensiones de la vida del público objetivo: el personal, familiar,
económico, laboral y social.
Para esto, se aplicó un diseño de investigación no experimental transversal, con
enfoque mixto y a nivel descriptivo explicativo. Se definieron dos públicos para el estudio y
se aplicaron herramientas cualitativas y cuantitativas de acuerdo con los objetivos de cada
uno de ellos. En la investigación se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad digitales a 3
especialistas en marketing, 14 entrevistas y 255 encuestas digitales al público de
consumidores y no consumidores de alimentos procesados de Lima Metropolitana,
conformado por hombres y mujeres de 25-40 años, encargados de la preparación de
alimentos por lo menos 3 veces a la semana.
Tras la recolección de la información, se procedió con el análisis estadístico e
interpretación de los resultados, los que permitieron concluir que de los 5 factores evaluados,
el personal fue el de mayor incidencia en los NSE A y B, mientras que el laboral y
económico impactó más en el C y D. Asimismo, esta investigación permitió identificar
nuevas valoraciones del consumidor: protagonismo en la cocina y el cuidado de la salud.
Se espera que el presente trabajo sirva como referencia para las empresas de consumo
masivo en el desarrollo de estrategias sostenibles para impulsar este tipo de productos una
vez superada la pandemia por la COVID-19.
This study sought to evaluate the incidence of the COVID-19 quarantine on the habits of purchase and consumption of convenience foods (a category that includes ready-to-cook and ready-to-eat foods), in socioeconomic levels A, B, C and D of the city of Lima, during the period 2020-2021. The path proposed to reach the general objective was based on the in- depth analysis of 5 specific factors or dimensions of the target public: personal, family, economic, work and social. For this, a cross-sectional non-experimental research design was applied, with a mixed approach and at an explanatory descriptive level. Two publics were defined for the study, and qualitative and quantitative tools were applied according to the objectives with each of them. Thus, in-depth digital interviews were conducted with 3 marketing specialists, in addition to 14 in-depth digital interviews and 255 digital surveys to the consumer and non- consumer public of Lima, made up of men and women aged 25-40, in charge of food preparation at least 3 times a week. After collecting, processing and interpreting the information, it was concluded that 4 out of the 5 factors, the personal factor was the one with the highest incidence on the socioeconomic levels A and B, whilst the economic factor had a biggest impact on socioeconomic levels C and D. This research also allowed to identify new characteristics of the consumer: importance of protagonism in the kitchen and increasing health care. It is expected that this work will serve as a reference for mass consumption companies in the development of sustainable strategies to promote this type of products once the COVID-19 pandemic has been overcome.
This study sought to evaluate the incidence of the COVID-19 quarantine on the habits of purchase and consumption of convenience foods (a category that includes ready-to-cook and ready-to-eat foods), in socioeconomic levels A, B, C and D of the city of Lima, during the period 2020-2021. The path proposed to reach the general objective was based on the in- depth analysis of 5 specific factors or dimensions of the target public: personal, family, economic, work and social. For this, a cross-sectional non-experimental research design was applied, with a mixed approach and at an explanatory descriptive level. Two publics were defined for the study, and qualitative and quantitative tools were applied according to the objectives with each of them. Thus, in-depth digital interviews were conducted with 3 marketing specialists, in addition to 14 in-depth digital interviews and 255 digital surveys to the consumer and non- consumer public of Lima, made up of men and women aged 25-40, in charge of food preparation at least 3 times a week. After collecting, processing and interpreting the information, it was concluded that 4 out of the 5 factors, the personal factor was the one with the highest incidence on the socioeconomic levels A and B, whilst the economic factor had a biggest impact on socioeconomic levels C and D. This research also allowed to identify new characteristics of the consumer: importance of protagonism in the kitchen and increasing health care. It is expected that this work will serve as a reference for mass consumption companies in the development of sustainable strategies to promote this type of products once the COVID-19 pandemic has been overcome.
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Keywords
Comportamiento del consumidor--Perú--Lima, Hábitos alimenticios--Perú--Lima, Alimentos procesados--Industria y comercio, COVID-19 (Enfermedad)
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