El rol de la subjetividad en el aprendizaje de las habilidades comunicacionales para la interacción médico paciente: Un estudio de caso con estudiantes de 4to y 5to año de medicina de una universidad privada peruana
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2022-06-27
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El entrenamiento de habilidades comunicacionales durante la etapa de pregrado de las
carreras de la salud aún está en una etapa incipiente en el país y, uno de los aspectos de
mejora está alineado a la disposición y compromiso de los estudiantes con respecto a
reconocer la importancia del entrenamiento en su desempeño profesional. Por ello, la presente
investigación tiene como objetivo describir de qué manera la subjetividad, relacionada a las
habilidades comunicacionales y el entorno de aprendizaje, de los estudiantes de la promoción
de 4to y 5to año de la carrera de medicina de una universidad privada peruana puede influir
en el aprendizaje de las habilidades comunicacionales (HC). Teniendo como base este
objetivo, se pretende conocer las valoraciones, creencias y experiencias de los estudiantes
acerca de la importancia de las HC en el ámbito profesional, la metodología usada para su
entrenamiento y su relación con los actores involucrados en el proceso de aprendizaje. Para
abordar el tema, se trabajaron conceptos clave como subjetividad, habilidades
comunicacionales y aprendizaje significativo. El estudio tiene un enfoque cuantitativo cualitativo, y se utilizaron las técnicas de entrevista a profundidad y encuesta virtual. El
análisis llevado a cabo demuestra que existe una ambivalencia en cuanto a lo que los y las
estudiantes conocen, valoran, creen y han experimentado en torno a las habilidades
comunicacionales. Por un lado, reconocen la relevancia de ser competente
comunicacionalmente en la práctica médica y los beneficios que esto puede traer para el
desarrollo de la relación médico-paciente. Por otro lado, aún no se comprende el objetivo del
entrenamiento de estas habilidades, puesto que se mantiene la creencia de que son más una
cualidad innata de cada persona, que se desarrolla a medida que adquieren mayor experiencia
en el entorno médico.
The training of communication skills during the undergraduate stage of health careers is still in an incipient stage in the country and, one of the aspects of improvement is aligned with the willingness and commitment of the students to recognize the importance of training in their professional performance. For this reason, this research aims to describe how subjectivity, related to communication skills and the learning environment, of students in the 4th and 5th year of medical career at a private peruvian university can influence in learning communication skills (CS). Based on this objective, it is intended to know the appreciations, beliefs and experiences of the students about the importance of CS in the professional field, the methodology used for their training and their relationship with the actors involved in the learning process. To address the issue, key concepts such as subjectivity, communication skills and meaningful learning were portrayed in the investigation. The study has a quantitative-qualitative approach, and the techniques of in-depth interview and virtual survey were used. The analysis carried out shows that there is an ambivalence regarding what students know, value, believe and have experienced regarding communication skills. On the one hand, they recognize the relevance of being communicatively competent in medical practice and the benefits that this can bring to the development of the doctor-patient relationship. On the other hand, the objective of training these skills are still not understood, since the belief remains that they are more of an innate quality of each person and are developed as they gain more experience in the medical environment.
The training of communication skills during the undergraduate stage of health careers is still in an incipient stage in the country and, one of the aspects of improvement is aligned with the willingness and commitment of the students to recognize the importance of training in their professional performance. For this reason, this research aims to describe how subjectivity, related to communication skills and the learning environment, of students in the 4th and 5th year of medical career at a private peruvian university can influence in learning communication skills (CS). Based on this objective, it is intended to know the appreciations, beliefs and experiences of the students about the importance of CS in the professional field, the methodology used for their training and their relationship with the actors involved in the learning process. To address the issue, key concepts such as subjectivity, communication skills and meaningful learning were portrayed in the investigation. The study has a quantitative-qualitative approach, and the techniques of in-depth interview and virtual survey were used. The analysis carried out shows that there is an ambivalence regarding what students know, value, believe and have experienced regarding communication skills. On the one hand, they recognize the relevance of being communicatively competent in medical practice and the benefits that this can bring to the development of the doctor-patient relationship. On the other hand, the objective of training these skills are still not understood, since the belief remains that they are more of an innate quality of each person and are developed as they gain more experience in the medical environment.
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Keywords
Competencia comunicativa--Estudio y enseñanza, Comunicación interpersonal, Formación profesional--Médicos--Perú
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