Efecto del material procesado en el comportamiento dinámico de una zaranda vibratoria
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Resumen
Las zarandas vibratorias son activos utilizados para la segregación de material en función de
una granulometría requerida, su aplicación está presente en diferentes industrias como la
cementera, construcción y especialmente en minería. Los incrementos del nivel de producción
traen consigo efectos dinámicos poco comprendidos por la interacción que ocurre entre el
material procesado y la zaranda, que, en muchas ocasiones, son omitidos en la fase de diseño,
y de no ser analizado, puede traer consigo fallos mecánicos.
En el presente trabajo busca explicar de manera analítica como se da el efecto dinámico por la
interacción del material granulado con la zaranda vibratoria, para ello, se conceptualiza el
movimiento del material utilizando el modelo de la bola inelástica, el alto grado de disipación
de energía presente entre las partículas debido a las colisiones entre ellas permite considerar el
medio granular como un cuerpo perfectamente inelástico. De este análisis, se obtendrá el
comportamiento cinemático y cinético del material en la superficie vibratoria, que luego será
acoplado a las ecuaciones dinámicas de la zaranda.
Mediante el uso de herramienta de simulación de elementos finitos, se obtendrá la respuesta
dinámica de un módulo de zaranda aplicando los conceptos del método analítico desarrollado.
Posteriormente, se realizarán ensayos vibracionales en el módulo de zaranda para confirmar el
comportamiento dinámico originado por la interacción del material. Como principal resultado
de la experimentación, se corrobora el efecto dinámico que produce la interacción del material
con la zaranda representada en la componente sub-armónica de la frecuencia de excitación.
Vibrating screens are assets used for the segregation of material based on a required particle size distribution. Their application is present in various industries such as cement, construction, and especially mining. Increases in production levels bring with them dynamic effects that are poorly understood due to the interaction that occurs between the processed material and the screen, which are often overlooked during the design phase and, if not analyzed, can lead to mechanical failures. The present work aims to analytically explain the dynamic effect caused by the interaction between the granular material and the vibrating screen, to achieve this, the movement of the material is conceptualized using the inelastic ball model, the high degree of energy dissipation due to particle collisions allows the granular medium to be considered as a perfectly inelastic body. From this analysis, the kinematic and kinetic behavior of the material on the vibrating surface will be obtained, which will then be coupled to the dynamic equations of the screen. Using finite element simulation tools, the dynamic response of a screen module will be obtained by applying the concepts developed in the analytical method. Subsequently, vibration tests will be carried out on the screen module to confirm the dynamic behavior caused by the interaction with the material. As the main result of the experimentation, the dynamic effect produced by the interaction of the material with the screen is confirmed, represented by the subharmonic component of the excitation frequency.
Vibrating screens are assets used for the segregation of material based on a required particle size distribution. Their application is present in various industries such as cement, construction, and especially mining. Increases in production levels bring with them dynamic effects that are poorly understood due to the interaction that occurs between the processed material and the screen, which are often overlooked during the design phase and, if not analyzed, can lead to mechanical failures. The present work aims to analytically explain the dynamic effect caused by the interaction between the granular material and the vibrating screen, to achieve this, the movement of the material is conceptualized using the inelastic ball model, the high degree of energy dissipation due to particle collisions allows the granular medium to be considered as a perfectly inelastic body. From this analysis, the kinematic and kinetic behavior of the material on the vibrating surface will be obtained, which will then be coupled to the dynamic equations of the screen. Using finite element simulation tools, the dynamic response of a screen module will be obtained by applying the concepts developed in the analytical method. Subsequently, vibration tests will be carried out on the screen module to confirm the dynamic behavior caused by the interaction with the material. As the main result of the experimentation, the dynamic effect produced by the interaction of the material with the screen is confirmed, represented by the subharmonic component of the excitation frequency.
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Método de elementos finitos--Simulación con computadoras, Materiales--Dinámica
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