La percepción de polarización y su relación con variables ideológicas, cognitivas y emocionales
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
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La presente investigación analizó la polarización política en universitarios peruanos en un
contexto postelectoral, a partir de la percepción de polarización entre grupos ideológicos
opuestos, y su relación con variables ideológicas, cognitivas y emocionales, mediante un
diseño de investigación mixto. En la fase cualitativa, se organizaron 4 grupos focales con 20
estudiantes (dos grupos de Derecha y dos de Izquierda), utilizando una guía de preguntas
semi estructurada para explorar las percepciones acerca de los miembros radicales del grupo
ideológico opuesto. En la fase cuantitativa, se contó con 104 estudiantes, a quienes se les
aplicaron dos escalas ad hoc diseñadas para medir la percepción de polarización y creencias
sobre el radicalismo político, además de escalas de estereotipos, emociones intergrupales y
escalas ideológicas (RWA y SDO). En los resultados cualitativos, se observaron percepciones
negativas sobre el exogrupo en materia política. En los resultados cuantitativos, se identificó
que las creencias sobre defensa del sistema normativo, creencias sobre cambio disruptivo y
emociones negativas fueron los principales predictores de la percepción de polarización. De
este modo, se pudo observar que la percepción de polarización se predice en mayor medida
por la percepción amenazante de la conducta política radical a favor o en contra del sistema y
por las emociones negativas asociadas a este tipo de conductas.
This research analyzed political polarization among Peruvian university students in a postelectoral context, based on the perception of polarization between opposing ideological groups and its relationship with ideological, cognitive, and emotional variables, using a mixed-methods research design. In the qualitative phase, four focus groups were organized with 20 students (two Right-wing and two Left-wing groups), using a semi-structured questionnaire to explore perceptions of radical members of the opposing ideological group. In the quantitative phase, 104 students were surveyed using two ad hoc scales designed to measure perceptions of polarization and beliefs about political radicalism, as well as scales of stereotypes, intergroup emotions, and ideological beliefs (RWA and SDO). The qualitative results revealed negative perceptions of the outgroup in political matters. The quantitative results identified beliefs about defending the normative system, beliefs about disruptive change, and negative emotions as the main predictors of perceived polarization. Thus, it was observed that perceived polarization is largely predicted by the perceived threat of radical political behavior for or against the system and by the negative emotions associated with such behavior.
This research analyzed political polarization among Peruvian university students in a postelectoral context, based on the perception of polarization between opposing ideological groups and its relationship with ideological, cognitive, and emotional variables, using a mixed-methods research design. In the qualitative phase, four focus groups were organized with 20 students (two Right-wing and two Left-wing groups), using a semi-structured questionnaire to explore perceptions of radical members of the opposing ideological group. In the quantitative phase, 104 students were surveyed using two ad hoc scales designed to measure perceptions of polarization and beliefs about political radicalism, as well as scales of stereotypes, intergroup emotions, and ideological beliefs (RWA and SDO). The qualitative results revealed negative perceptions of the outgroup in political matters. The quantitative results identified beliefs about defending the normative system, beliefs about disruptive change, and negative emotions as the main predictors of perceived polarization. Thus, it was observed that perceived polarization is largely predicted by the perceived threat of radical political behavior for or against the system and by the negative emotions associated with such behavior.
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Estereotipo (Psicología), Estudiantes universitarios--Actitudes, Polarización (Ciencias sociales)--Aspectos políticos, Radicalismo
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