Relación de las políticas de créditos, cobranzas y política de pagos con la rentabilidad en una empresa de construcción de infraestructura en telecomunicaciones, periodos 2018-2023
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
Obtener una rentabilidad esperada, es clave para el éxito, la sostenibilidad y la
continuidad de una empresa; esto implica una adecuada administración de flujo de efectivo a
través de políticas y controles en los procesos de ventas al crédito, cobranzas y pagos. La
empresa AJ Ingenieros, ha experimentado dificultades que se reflejan en los resultados negativos
de la rentabilidad. El presente trabajo de investigación toma dicha problemática tras examinar la
situación externa e interna de la compañía mediante el análisis FODA y la situación del sector,
con el objetivo de determinar la relación de las variables políticas de crédito, cobranzas y pagos
con la rentabilidad durante los periodos 2018-2023.
La investigación presenta un enfoque cuantitativo, documental, descriptivo y
correlacional, basándose en la información de los estados financieros; se analizan las variables,
utilizando los indicadores periodo promedio de cuentas por cobrar, periodo promedio de cuentas
por pagar y rendimiento sobre activos; mediante los cálculos estadísticos del coeficiente de
correlación de Pearson, se halló que las variables políticas de crédito, cobranzas y política de
pagos están fuerte e inversamente relacionadas con la rentabilidad, con resultados de coeficiente
de correlación de -0.873 y -0.819, cercanos a -1.
Finalmente se logró cumplir los objetivos del trabajo de investigación estableciendo la
relación entre las variables estudiadas, proponiendo recomendaciones para fortalecer dichas
políticas con una gestión eficiente en los controles de los indicadores que conlleven al
cumplimiento de los objetivos financieros de la compañía.
Obtaining an expected profitability is key to the success, sustainability and continuity of a company; this implies an adequate cash flow management through policies and controls in the processes of credit sales, collections and payments. The company AJ Ingenieros has experienced difficulties that are reflected in the negative results of profitability. This research work takes this problem after examining the external and internal situation of the company through SWOT analysis and the situation of the sector, with the aim of determining the relationship of the variables credit policies, collections and payments with profitability during the periods 2018- 2023. The research presents a quantitative, documentary, descriptive and correlational approach, based on the information of the financial statements; the variables are analysed, using the indicators average period of accounts receivable, average period of accounts payable and return on assets; through the statistical calculations of Pearson's correlation coefficient, it was found that the variables credit, collection and payment policies are strongly and inversely related to profitability, with results of correlation coefficient of -0.873 and -0.819, close to -1. Finally, the objectives of the research work were achieved by establishing the relationship between the variables studied, proposing recommendations to strengthen these policies with an efficient management in the control of the indicators that lead to the fulfilment of the company's financial objectives.
Obtaining an expected profitability is key to the success, sustainability and continuity of a company; this implies an adequate cash flow management through policies and controls in the processes of credit sales, collections and payments. The company AJ Ingenieros has experienced difficulties that are reflected in the negative results of profitability. This research work takes this problem after examining the external and internal situation of the company through SWOT analysis and the situation of the sector, with the aim of determining the relationship of the variables credit policies, collections and payments with profitability during the periods 2018- 2023. The research presents a quantitative, documentary, descriptive and correlational approach, based on the information of the financial statements; the variables are analysed, using the indicators average period of accounts receivable, average period of accounts payable and return on assets; through the statistical calculations of Pearson's correlation coefficient, it was found that the variables credit, collection and payment policies are strongly and inversely related to profitability, with results of correlation coefficient of -0.873 and -0.819, close to -1. Finally, the objectives of the research work were achieved by establishing the relationship between the variables studied, proposing recommendations to strengthen these policies with an efficient management in the control of the indicators that lead to the fulfilment of the company's financial objectives.
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Empresas--Rentabilidad--Perú, Estados financieros--Análisis, Cobro de cuentas, Crédito financiero
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