Informe jurídico sobre la sentencia Nº320/2023 del Exp Nº00878-2022-PA/TC
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
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La Sentencia 320/2023 (Exp. N.º 00878-2022-PA/TC) constituye un precedente
relevante para el análisis constitucional del empleo público, especialmente en
contextos donde se configuran relaciones laborales de hecho encubiertas bajo
contratos civiles. El caso examina la situación de un trabajador de la Dirección
Regional de Salud de Lima (DIRESA-Lima), quien fue despedido mediante un
mensaje de WhatsApp durante una licencia médica por COVID-19, a pesar de
haber prestado servicios continuos y subordinados durante varios años en
funciones de naturaleza permanente. Este fallo visibiliza la tensión entre el
principio de mérito en el acceso a la función pública, que está consagrado en el
artículo 40 de la Constitución, y la obligación del Estado de garantizar una
protección reforzada frente a vulneraciones de derechos fundamentales, como
el trabajo, la salud, el debido proceso y la dignidad. Asimismo, el caso plantea
una reflexión crítica sobre los límites del denominado “Precedente Huatuco”, ya
que en este supuesto no se discute el acceso a una plaza de carrera, sino la
protección frente a un cese ilegítimo de un trabajador fuera de la carrera
administrativa. En este marco, resulta pertinente analizar si corresponde aplicar
dicho precedente o, por el contrario, invocar la Ley N.º 24041, que otorga
protección específica frente al despido arbitrario a quienes laboran más de un
año en funciones permanentes dentro del régimen público.
Judgment 320/2023 (Case No. 00878-2022-PA/TC) constitutes a significant precedent in the constitutional analysis of public employment, particularly in scenarios involving de facto employment relationships concealed under the guise of civil service contracts. The case examines the situation of a worker at the Regional Health Directorate of Lima (DIRESA-Lima), who was dismissed via a WhatsApp message while on certified medical leave due to COVID-19, despite having rendered continuous and subordinate services for several years in a position of a permanent nature. This ruling highlights the inherent tension between the principle of merit-based access to public service, as enshrined in Article 40 of the Constitution, and the State’s duty to provide enhanced protection in the face of violations of fundamental rights, such as the right to work, health, due process, and human dignity. Furthermore, the case invites a critical reassessment of the scope and applicability of the so-called “Huatuco Precedent,” as the matter at hand does not concern entry into a career position, but rather protection against an unlawful termination affecting a non-career public servant. Within this context, it becomes essential to assess whether such precedent should be applied, or whether the safeguards provided under Law No. 24041 offering protection against arbitrary dismissal for those who have served for over a year in permanent roles within the public sector, should prevail.
Judgment 320/2023 (Case No. 00878-2022-PA/TC) constitutes a significant precedent in the constitutional analysis of public employment, particularly in scenarios involving de facto employment relationships concealed under the guise of civil service contracts. The case examines the situation of a worker at the Regional Health Directorate of Lima (DIRESA-Lima), who was dismissed via a WhatsApp message while on certified medical leave due to COVID-19, despite having rendered continuous and subordinate services for several years in a position of a permanent nature. This ruling highlights the inherent tension between the principle of merit-based access to public service, as enshrined in Article 40 of the Constitution, and the State’s duty to provide enhanced protection in the face of violations of fundamental rights, such as the right to work, health, due process, and human dignity. Furthermore, the case invites a critical reassessment of the scope and applicability of the so-called “Huatuco Precedent,” as the matter at hand does not concern entry into a career position, but rather protection against an unlawful termination affecting a non-career public servant. Within this context, it becomes essential to assess whether such precedent should be applied, or whether the safeguards provided under Law No. 24041 offering protection against arbitrary dismissal for those who have served for over a year in permanent roles within the public sector, should prevail.
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Perú. Tribunal Constitucional--Jurisprudencia, Despido de empleados--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Derecho laboral--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Contratos de trabajo--Perú