Informe jurídico sobre la Resolución 1410-2024/SPC-INDECOPI
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El presente informe jurídico analiza la Resolución N.° 1410-2024/SPCINDECOPI,
emitida por la Sala Especializada en Protección al Consumidor, que
resolvió en segunda instancia la denuncia presentada por el señor Rodolfo
Barahona contra la Caja Municipal de Ahorro y Crédito Cusco por la presunta
vulneración al deber de idoneidad en el marco del Programa Reactiva Perú. La
controversia se originó cuando la entidad financiera reportó al denunciante como
beneficiario de un crédito por S/ 63,000.00 sin haber formalizado contrato ni
entregado desembolso alguno.
En ese sentido, la Sala concluyó que la Caja Cusco no actuó conforme a las
exigencias de diligencia y transparencia que impone el Código de Protección y
Defensa del Consumidor, al generar una apariencia de relación de consumo
inexistente mediante un reporte inexacto. Si bien la entidad corrigió
posteriormente el error, dicha subsanación resultó insuficiente para revertir los
efectos perjudiciales ocasionados al denunciante.
A partir de este caso, el informe sostiene que el análisis de la Sala es acertado
al reconocer que el deber de idoneidad no se limita a la prestación efectiva del
servicio financiero, sino que abarca el comportamiento íntegro del proveedor,
desde la gestión de la información hasta la corrección de errores. Asimismo, se
destaca que el señor Barahona debe ser considerado un consumidor expuesto,
lo que justifica la intervención del sistema de protección ante una actuación que,
aunque no dio lugar a un crédito real, produjo consecuencias propias de una
relación de consumo aparente.
De ese modo, esta resolución contribuye a reafirmar que las entidades
financieras tienen la obligación de evitar prácticas que generen perjuicios
indebidos a los consumidores, garantizando la confiabilidad del sistema
financiero y la eficacia de los principios que rigen la protección al consumidor en
el Perú.
This legal report analyzes Resolution No. 1410-2024/SPC-INDECOPI, issued by the Specialized Chamber for Consumer Protection, which ruled in second instance on the complaint filed by Mr. Rodolfo Barahona against the Caja Municipal de Ahorro y Crédito Cusco for the alleged violation of the duty of suitability within the framework of the Reactiva Perú program. The dispute arose when the financial institution reported the complainant as the beneficiary of a loan amounting to S/ 63,000.00, despite not having formalized the process or delivered any disbursement. In this regard, the Chamber concluded that Caja Cusco failed to comply with the diligence and transparency requirements established by the Consumer Protection and Defense Code, by creating the appearance of a non-existent consumer relationship through an inaccurate report. Although the institution subsequently corrected the error, such rectification proved insufficient to reverse the harmful effects caused to the complainant. Based on this case, the report argues that the Chamber’s analysis is accurate in recognizing that the duty of suitability extends beyond the effective provision of a financial service, encompassing the provider’s overall conduct—from information management to the correction of errors. It also highlights that Mr. Barahona should be regarded as an exposed consumer, which justifies the intervention of the protection system in response to conduct that, although it did not result in an actual loan, produced effects typical of an apparent consumer relationship. Thus, this resolution helps reaffirm that financial institutions are obliged to avoid practices that cause undue harm to consumers, ensuring the reliability of the financial system and the effectiveness of the principles governing consumer protection in Peru.
This legal report analyzes Resolution No. 1410-2024/SPC-INDECOPI, issued by the Specialized Chamber for Consumer Protection, which ruled in second instance on the complaint filed by Mr. Rodolfo Barahona against the Caja Municipal de Ahorro y Crédito Cusco for the alleged violation of the duty of suitability within the framework of the Reactiva Perú program. The dispute arose when the financial institution reported the complainant as the beneficiary of a loan amounting to S/ 63,000.00, despite not having formalized the process or delivered any disbursement. In this regard, the Chamber concluded that Caja Cusco failed to comply with the diligence and transparency requirements established by the Consumer Protection and Defense Code, by creating the appearance of a non-existent consumer relationship through an inaccurate report. Although the institution subsequently corrected the error, such rectification proved insufficient to reverse the harmful effects caused to the complainant. Based on this case, the report argues that the Chamber’s analysis is accurate in recognizing that the duty of suitability extends beyond the effective provision of a financial service, encompassing the provider’s overall conduct—from information management to the correction of errors. It also highlights that Mr. Barahona should be regarded as an exposed consumer, which justifies the intervention of the protection system in response to conduct that, although it did not result in an actual loan, produced effects typical of an apparent consumer relationship. Thus, this resolution helps reaffirm that financial institutions are obliged to avoid practices that cause undue harm to consumers, ensuring the reliability of the financial system and the effectiveness of the principles governing consumer protection in Peru.
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Protección del consumidor--Legislación--Perú, Consumidores--Protección--Derecho, Responsabilidad administrativa--Perú
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item.page.endorsement
item.page.review
item.page.supplemented
item.page.referenced
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