Informe jurídico sobre la sentencia ICC-01/05-01/08 A: Una sentencia con sabor a impunidad: la Sala de Apelaciones y las implicaciones del estándar (re)interpretativo del artículo 28 en los conflictos armados contemporáneos
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2024-08-05
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Este presente trabajo titulado Una sentencia con sabor a impunidad: La Sala de
Apelaciones y las implicaciones del estándar (re)interpretativo del art. 28 en los
conflictos armados contemporáneos analiza la absolución de Jean-Pierre Bemba
Gombo por la Sala de Apelaciones de la Corte Penal Internacional (CPI) y sus
implicaciones en la interpretación del art. 28 del Estatuto de Roma. Bemba, líder
del Movimiento por la Liberación del Congo (MLC), fue inicialmente condenado
en 2016 por crímenes de guerra y crímenes contra la humanidad cometidos por
sus tropas en la República Centroafricana (RCA) entre 2002 y 2003. Sin
embargo, en 2018, la Sala de Apelaciones de la CPI revocó esta condena, lo que
generó un debate significativo sobre la jurisprudencia de la CPI y la interpretación
de la responsabilidad de mando.
El documento, se centra en cómo la Sala de Apelaciones introdujo una nueva
distinción entre "control efectivo" y "control remoto", también reemplazó el
concepto de "medidas necesarias y razonables" por el de "proporcionales,
viables y discrecionales", todo ello podría hacer que el precepto de
responsabilidad de mando sea inaplicable en muchos conflictos armados
contemporáneos, fomentando así la impunidad. Finalmente, se concluye que la
reinterpretación del art. 28 puede establecer un peligroso precedente que
favorece la impunidad sistémica en los conflictos armados. El desconocimiento
de los enfrentamientos armados contemporáneos por parte de la justicia penal
internacional perpetúa la comisión de crímenes graves sin consecuencias
legales, socavando la salvaguardia de las víctimas y justicia que requieren.
This present work, titled A Sentence with a Taste of Impunity: The Appeals Chamber and the Implications of the (Re)interpretative Standard of Article 28 in Contemporary Armed Conflicts, analyzes the acquittal of Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo by the Appeals Chamber of the International Criminal Court (ICC) and its implications for the interpretation of Article 28 of the Rome Statute. Bemba, leader of the Movement for the Liberation of Congo (MLC), was initially convicted in 2016 for war crimes and crimes against humanity committed by his troops in the Central African Republic (CAR) between 2002 and 2003. However, in 2018, the ICC Appeals Chamber overturned this conviction, sparking significant debate about ICC jurisprudence and the interpretation of command responsibility. The document focuses on how the Appeals Chamber introduced a new distinction between "effective control" and "remote control," and replaced the concept of "necessary and reasonable measures" with "proportional, viable, and discretionary" measures. This shift could render the precept of command responsibility inapplicable in many contemporary armed conflicts, thus fostering impunity. Finally, it concludes that the reinterpretation of Article 28 may establish a dangerous precedent that favors systemic impunity in armed conflicts. The international criminal justice system's lack of understanding of contemporary armed confrontations perpetuates the commission of serious crimes without legal consequences, undermining the protection and justice that victims require.
This present work, titled A Sentence with a Taste of Impunity: The Appeals Chamber and the Implications of the (Re)interpretative Standard of Article 28 in Contemporary Armed Conflicts, analyzes the acquittal of Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo by the Appeals Chamber of the International Criminal Court (ICC) and its implications for the interpretation of Article 28 of the Rome Statute. Bemba, leader of the Movement for the Liberation of Congo (MLC), was initially convicted in 2016 for war crimes and crimes against humanity committed by his troops in the Central African Republic (CAR) between 2002 and 2003. However, in 2018, the ICC Appeals Chamber overturned this conviction, sparking significant debate about ICC jurisprudence and the interpretation of command responsibility. The document focuses on how the Appeals Chamber introduced a new distinction between "effective control" and "remote control," and replaced the concept of "necessary and reasonable measures" with "proportional, viable, and discretionary" measures. This shift could render the precept of command responsibility inapplicable in many contemporary armed conflicts, thus fostering impunity. Finally, it concludes that the reinterpretation of Article 28 may establish a dangerous precedent that favors systemic impunity in armed conflicts. The international criminal justice system's lack of understanding of contemporary armed confrontations perpetuates the commission of serious crimes without legal consequences, undermining the protection and justice that victims require.
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Derecho penal internacional--Jurisprudencia, Impunidad, Responsabilidad penal, Autoría penal, Conflicto armado
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