¿El fin de la Françafrique? Politización del sentimiento antifrancés en el Sahel Occidental desde 2020
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La influencia de Francia en el continente africano es una constante, incluso
después de las independencias de los Estados africanos, mediante la "Françafrique".
Aunque estos vínculos franco-africanos parecían inquebrantables, los últimos años
han evidenciado un creciente sentimiento antifrancés cuya manifestación más aguda
ha sido la ola de golpes de Estado que atraviesa el Sahel Occidental. Burkina Faso,
Mali y Níger resultan casos especialmente relevantes para analizar esta dinámica.
Estos países fronterizos conforman la Alianza de Estados del Sahel, rechazando
frontalmente la intervención francesa en sus territorios al considerarla símbolo de
desigualdad y sometimiento. Esta investigación busca comprender los factores que
permitieron la politización del histórico sentimiento antifrancés que dio como
resultado la legitimación de los golpes de Estado y de las posteriores medidas
tomadas por las juntas militares. Siguiendo una aproximación postcolonial, la
investigación analiza la interacción de los grupos yihadistas con la población, las
intervenciones militares de Francia, y la influencia de actores extrarregionales como
Rusia y China. De esta manera, la investigación afirma que la compleja realidad que
atraviesa el Sahel Occidental solo puede ser entendida al analizar la conjunción entre
dinámicas locales, regionales y globales. Asimismo, resalta la importancia de
repensar la colonialidad y la participación de la población y autoridades africanas,
más allá de los estándares occidentales, en el establecimiento de su propia agenda.
France's influence on the African continent remains a constant, persisting even after the independence of African states through the "Françafrique" system. Although these Franco-African ties once appeared unbreakable, recent years have witnessed a growing anti-French sentiment, whose most acute manifestation has been the wave of coups d'état sweeping across the Western Sahel. Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger serve as particularly relevant case studies for analyzing this dynamic. These neighboring countries formed the Alliance of Sahel States (AES), openly rejecting French intervention in their territories, which they consider a symbol of inequality and subjugation. This research seeks to understand the factors that enabled the politicization of historical anti-French sentiment, resulting in the legitimization of military coups and subsequent measures taken by military juntas. Following a postcolonial approach, the investigation analyzes the interaction between jihadist groups and local populations, French military interventions, and the influence of extraregional actors such as Russia and China. The research thus asserts that the complex reality facing the Western Sahel can only be understood by analyzing the conjunction of local, regional, and global dynamics. Moreover, it emphasizes the importance of rethinking colonialism and the participation of African populations and authorities, beyond Western standards, in establishing their own agenda.
France's influence on the African continent remains a constant, persisting even after the independence of African states through the "Françafrique" system. Although these Franco-African ties once appeared unbreakable, recent years have witnessed a growing anti-French sentiment, whose most acute manifestation has been the wave of coups d'état sweeping across the Western Sahel. Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger serve as particularly relevant case studies for analyzing this dynamic. These neighboring countries formed the Alliance of Sahel States (AES), openly rejecting French intervention in their territories, which they consider a symbol of inequality and subjugation. This research seeks to understand the factors that enabled the politicization of historical anti-French sentiment, resulting in the legitimization of military coups and subsequent measures taken by military juntas. Following a postcolonial approach, the investigation analyzes the interaction between jihadist groups and local populations, French military interventions, and the influence of extraregional actors such as Russia and China. The research thus asserts that the complex reality facing the Western Sahel can only be understood by analyzing the conjunction of local, regional, and global dynamics. Moreover, it emphasizes the importance of rethinking colonialism and the participation of African populations and authorities, beyond Western standards, in establishing their own agenda.
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Francia--Relaciones exteriores--África--Siglo XXI, Postcolonialismo--África--Siglo XXI, Sahel, Golpes de Estado--África--Siglo XXI, Geopolítica--África
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