Diseño de dispositivo bastón electrónico y procedimiento clínico avanzado para monitoreo continuo de la rehabilitación de marcha con mayor efectividad clínica
No Thumbnail Available
Date
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
A lo largo de la historia, la capacidad de andar ha sido fundamental en la evolución humana,
permitiendo la exploración y la adaptación a diversos entornos. Sin embargo, ciertos
trastornos de la marcha, derivados de lesiones como caídas, parálisis cerebral, accidentes
cerebrovasculares o lesiones musculares, afectan la habilidad de los pacientes para
sostener el peso corporal y mantener el equilibrio al caminar o estar de pie. Esto subraya
la necesidad urgente de tratamientos de rehabilitación que a menudo implican el uso de
bastones, andaderas, trípodes o muletas.
El presente proyecto de tesis propone el diseño de un dispositivo electrónico integrado en
un bastón físico. Este dispositivo tiene como objetivo mejorar la rehabilitación motora de la
marcha al recopilar datos cruciales, como la fuerza aplicada al bastón, el ángulo de
inclinación, la fecha y la hora. Además, permite la transferencia inalámbrica de estos datos
a un teléfono móvil o computadora a través de Bluetooth. Este enfoque facilita el análisis
por parte del médico o terapeuta ocupacional, proporcionando información valiosa para
tomar decisiones informadas sobre la recuperación de la fuerza muscular en las
extremidades inferiores, aumentar la estabilidad funcional y mejorar el equilibrio necesario
para el proceso de marcha del paciente.
Es importante destacar que este bastón electrónico está diseñado específicamente para
pacientes en rehabilitación con la posibilidad de recuperar la capacidad de caminar. Se
excluyen a aquellos con daños neurológicos, como ACV, Alzheimer o Parkinson, así como
aquellos con enfermedades cardiovasculares descompensadas, discapacidad visual, entre
otras condiciones.
En cuanto al desarrollo técnico del bastón electrónico, se emplean dispositivos y
tecnologías contemporáneas, como el microcontrolador MK20DX256VLH7 de Freescale
integrado en la tarjeta Teensy 3.2, un sensor de aceleración MEMS (ADXL345), un reloj en
tiempo real DS3231, un sensor de presión FlexiForce de Tekscan, un Opamp MCP6002 y
un módulo Bluetooth HC-06 para la comunicación inalámbrica del microcontrolador y la
transferencia de datos almacenados a dispositivos móviles o computadoras.
Este proyecto busca contribuir significativamente al proceso de rehabilitación de pacientes,
ofreciendo una herramienta innovadora y tecnológica que permita una monitorización más
precisa y personalizada de la marcha, facilitando así una recuperación más efectiva y
mejorando la calidad de vida de quienes enfrentan trastornos de la marcha.
La presente tesis se organiza en cuatro capítulos. El capítulo 1, describe básicamente la
problemática y los procedimientos clínicos para rehabilitación de marcha. El capítulo 2,
reseña procedimientos para rehabilitación de la marcha y tecnología empleada en bastones
inteligentes, así como la fisiología y biomecánica de la marcha. En el capítulo 3 se detalla
el diseño del sistema de rehabilitación de la marcha basado en bastón electrónico.
Finalmente, en el capítulo 4, se presentan las pruebas del bastón en personas voluntarias,
del software desarrollado y se analizan los resultados obtenidos.
Throughout history, the ability to walk has been fundamental in human evolution, enabling exploration and adaptation to various environments. However, certain gait disorders resulting from injuries such as falls, cerebral palsy, strokes, or muscle injuries affect patients' ability to bear body weight and maintain balance while walking or standing. This underscores the urgent need for rehabilitation treatments that often involve the use of canes, walkers, tripods, or crutches. The current thesis project proposes the design of an electronic device integrated into a physical cane. This device aims to enhance motor rehabilitation of gait by collecting crucial data, such as the force applied to the cane, the angle of inclination, date, and time. Additionally, it allows wireless transfer of this data to a mobile phone or computer via Bluetooth. This approach facilitates analysis by the physician or occupational therapist, providing valuable information for making informed decisions regarding the recovery of muscle strength in the lower limbs, increasing functional stability, and improving the balance necessary for the patient's walking process. It is important to note that this electronic cane is specifically designed for patients in rehabilitation with the potential to regain walking ability. Those with neurological damage, such as stroke, Alzheimer's, or Parkinson's, as well as those with decompensated cardiovascular diseases, visual impairment, among other conditions, are excluded. Regarding the technical development of the electronic cane, contemporary devices and technologies are employed, such as the Freescale MK20DX256VLH7 microcontroller integrated into the Teensy 3.2 board, a MEMS acceleration sensor (ADXL345), a DS3231 real-time clock, a FlexiForce pressure sensor from Tekscan, an MCP6002 Opamp, and an HC-06 Bluetooth module for wireless communication of the microcontroller and transfer of stored data to mobile devices or computers. This project aims to significantly contribute to the rehabilitation process for patients by offering an innovative and technological tool that allows more precise and personalized monitoring of gait, facilitating more effective recovery and improving the quality of life for those facing gait disorders. The thesis is organized into four chapters. Chapter 1 describes the issue and clinical procedures for gait rehabilitation. Chapter 2 reviews procedures for gait rehabilitation, technology used in smart canes, as well as the physiology and biomechanics of walking. Chapter 3 details the design of the gait rehabilitation system based on the electronic cane. Finally, in Chapter 4, tests of the cane on voluntary participants, the developed software, and the obtained results are presented and analyzed.
Throughout history, the ability to walk has been fundamental in human evolution, enabling exploration and adaptation to various environments. However, certain gait disorders resulting from injuries such as falls, cerebral palsy, strokes, or muscle injuries affect patients' ability to bear body weight and maintain balance while walking or standing. This underscores the urgent need for rehabilitation treatments that often involve the use of canes, walkers, tripods, or crutches. The current thesis project proposes the design of an electronic device integrated into a physical cane. This device aims to enhance motor rehabilitation of gait by collecting crucial data, such as the force applied to the cane, the angle of inclination, date, and time. Additionally, it allows wireless transfer of this data to a mobile phone or computer via Bluetooth. This approach facilitates analysis by the physician or occupational therapist, providing valuable information for making informed decisions regarding the recovery of muscle strength in the lower limbs, increasing functional stability, and improving the balance necessary for the patient's walking process. It is important to note that this electronic cane is specifically designed for patients in rehabilitation with the potential to regain walking ability. Those with neurological damage, such as stroke, Alzheimer's, or Parkinson's, as well as those with decompensated cardiovascular diseases, visual impairment, among other conditions, are excluded. Regarding the technical development of the electronic cane, contemporary devices and technologies are employed, such as the Freescale MK20DX256VLH7 microcontroller integrated into the Teensy 3.2 board, a MEMS acceleration sensor (ADXL345), a DS3231 real-time clock, a FlexiForce pressure sensor from Tekscan, an MCP6002 Opamp, and an HC-06 Bluetooth module for wireless communication of the microcontroller and transfer of stored data to mobile devices or computers. This project aims to significantly contribute to the rehabilitation process for patients by offering an innovative and technological tool that allows more precise and personalized monitoring of gait, facilitating more effective recovery and improving the quality of life for those facing gait disorders. The thesis is organized into four chapters. Chapter 1 describes the issue and clinical procedures for gait rehabilitation. Chapter 2 reviews procedures for gait rehabilitation, technology used in smart canes, as well as the physiology and biomechanics of walking. Chapter 3 details the design of the gait rehabilitation system based on the electronic cane. Finally, in Chapter 4, tests of the cane on voluntary participants, the developed software, and the obtained results are presented and analyzed.
Description
Keywords
Trastornos de la marcha--Rehabilitación, Bastones--Innovaciones tecnológicas, Sistemas inalámbricos de comunicación--Aplicaciones médicas
Citation
Collections
Endorsement
Review
Supplemented By
Referenced By
Creative Commons license
Except where otherwised noted, this item's license is described as info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess