Diseños de cadena de suministros de autos eléctricos y su impacto en la tasa de adopción e indicadores de sostenibilidad
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2022-04-18
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente investigación tiene como objetivo diseñar una cadena de suministros de
automóviles eléctricos que permita el desarrollo sostenible del sector automotriz. La
sostenibilidad de dicho sector se puede mejorar con el incremento de automóviles eléctricos
en el parque automotor peruano y mediante la simulación de escenarios e indicadores para
sustentar el diseño de la cadena de suministros. La sostenibilidad es un término que implica
hacer negocios y generar rendimientos económicos perdurables, evitando posibles impactos
ambientales y sociales. El parque automotor peruano actual es contaminante, antiguo y
costoso por lo que no es sostenible. En el Perú, la implementación de medidas referidas a la
electromovilidad y al uso de automóviles eléctricos es todavía baja. Esta investigación
propone desarrollar esta tecnología en el país como posible alternativa para impactar
positivamente en el mejoramiento de los indicadores de sostenibilidad del sector automotriz,
tomando como base la experiencia en países de la región.
Para el presente estudio se plantearon tres diseños de cadenas de suministros de autos
eléctricos. Se hizo un análisis regresional usando como base la tasa de crecimiento de uso de
autos eléctricos en otros países de la región para estimar el escenario esperado en el Perú. Se
aplicó la metodología SMART y la evaluación cualitativa de expertos. Se encontraron
factores cualitativos relevantes a la cadena de suministros junto con el costo de vida útil de
cada diseño. En base a los datos obtenidos, se eligió el mejor diseño de cadena de suministros
para evaluar su impacto en los indicadores de sostenibilidad. Se evidenció que luego de seis
años se logra reducir las emisiones de carbono en el ambiente en un 6.75%, haciéndolo
ecológicamente amigable, permitiendo la actualización y el incremento de los indicadores de
sostenibilidad del parque automotor peruano.
This research aims to design electric vehicles supply chain that allows the sustainable development of the automotive sector. The sustainability of this sector can be improved by the increase in electric vehicles in the Peruvian vehicle fleet and by simulating scenarios and indicators to support the design of the supply chain. Sustainability is a term that implies doing business and generating lasting economic returns, avoiding possible environmental and social impacts. The current Peruvian vehicle fleet is polluting, old and expensive thus it is not sustainable. In Peru, the implementation of measures related to electro mobility and the use of electric vehicles is still low. This research proposes developing this technology in the country as a possible alternative to positively impact the improvement of the sustainability indicators of the automotive sector, based on the experience of the countries in the region. For this study, three designs of electric vehicles supply chains were proposed. A regression analysis was carried out using as information source the growth rate of the use of electric vehicles in other countries of the region to be able to estimate what the expected scenario in Peru would be. The SMART methodology and the qualitative evaluation of experts were applied. Qualitative factors were found that have relevance in the supply chain along with the useful life cost of each design. Based on the data obtained, the best supply chain design was chosen in order to assess its impact on sustainability indicators. It was `proved that after six years, it is possible to reduce 6.75% of carbon emissions in the environment, making it ecologically friendly, allowing the update and increase of the sustainability indicators of the Peruvian vehicle fleet.
This research aims to design electric vehicles supply chain that allows the sustainable development of the automotive sector. The sustainability of this sector can be improved by the increase in electric vehicles in the Peruvian vehicle fleet and by simulating scenarios and indicators to support the design of the supply chain. Sustainability is a term that implies doing business and generating lasting economic returns, avoiding possible environmental and social impacts. The current Peruvian vehicle fleet is polluting, old and expensive thus it is not sustainable. In Peru, the implementation of measures related to electro mobility and the use of electric vehicles is still low. This research proposes developing this technology in the country as a possible alternative to positively impact the improvement of the sustainability indicators of the automotive sector, based on the experience of the countries in the region. For this study, three designs of electric vehicles supply chains were proposed. A regression analysis was carried out using as information source the growth rate of the use of electric vehicles in other countries of the region to be able to estimate what the expected scenario in Peru would be. The SMART methodology and the qualitative evaluation of experts were applied. Qualitative factors were found that have relevance in the supply chain along with the useful life cost of each design. Based on the data obtained, the best supply chain design was chosen in order to assess its impact on sustainability indicators. It was `proved that after six years, it is possible to reduce 6.75% of carbon emissions in the environment, making it ecologically friendly, allowing the update and increase of the sustainability indicators of the Peruvian vehicle fleet.
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Keywords
Industria del automóvil--Perú, Industria automotriz--Perú, Vehículos eléctricos, Logística empresarial, Desarrollo sostenible
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