Espacialidad y ordenamiento territorial quillacinga: caminos y asentamientos prehispánicos en el suroccidente colombiano, el caso de Genoy
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2025-01-23
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El alto potencial arqueológico del suroccidente Colombiano se refleja en vestigios muebles de
patrimonio cultural como cerámica, metalurgia y arte rupestre, pero también en elementos de
infraestructura vial ancestral, usados actualmente por los descendientes de aquellos pueblos que
habitaban esta región antes de la llegada de los españoles. Este trabajo busca visibilizar la
relación espacial existente entre los asentamientos y los caminos prehispánicos, inscrita dentro
de un ordenamiento del paisaje y del territorio por parte de grupos humanos que los españoles
denominaron quillacingas. Para ello nos hemos centrado en estudiar el área correspondiente al
actual corregimiento de Genoy, ubicado al noroccidente de la ciudad de Pasto, en el
departamento de Nariño (Colombia). En este territorio al día de hoy, aún persiste la autoridad
indígena, manifestada en la persona jurídica del Cabildo Indígena Quillacinga de Genoy, quien
ha logrado preservar y recuperar mucha de la herencia cultural y la cultura material de sus
antepasados. Con base en las experiencias de investigadores como Robert Drennan y Carl
Langebaek en otras zonas de Colombia, se elaboró una metodología de reconocimiento regional
que permitió la identificación de patrones de asentamiento y una vinculación espacial entre
contextos domésticos, caminos y geoformas en este paisaje cultural construido por los ancestros
del pueblo quillacinga. La información recolectada permitió establecer las modificaciones
antrópicas del paisaje prehispánico, las transformaciones acaecidas durante el periodo Colonial,
y la importancia de la verticalidad comprimida en las relaciones socioeconómicas y la
cosmovisión de los habitantes originarios de esta zona de los Andes Septentrionales.
The high archaeological potential of southwestern Colombia is reflected in movable vestiges of cultural heritage such as ceramics, metallurgy and rock art, but also in elements of ancestral road infrastructure, currently used by the descendants of those peoples who inhabited this region before the arrival of the Spanish. This work seeks to make visible the spatial relationship between settlements and pre-Hispanic roads, inscribed within an organization of the landscape and territory by human groups that the Spanish called quillacingas. To do this, we have focused on studying the area corresponding to the current township of Genoy, located northwest of the city of Pasto, in the department of Nariño (Colombia). In this territory today, indigenous authority still persists, manifested in the legal entity of the Quillacinga Indigenous Council of Genoy, who has managed to preserve and recover much of the cultural heritage and material culture of their ancestors. Based on the experiences of researchers such as Robert Drennan and Carl Langebaek in other areas of Colombia, a regional recognition methodology was developed that allowed the identification of settlement patterns and a spatial link between domestic contexts, roads and geoforms in this cultural landscape constructed by the ancestors of the quillacinga people. The information collected allowed us to establish the anthropic modifications of the pre-Hispanic landscape, the transformations that occurred during the Colonial period, and the importance of compressed verticality in the socioeconomic relations and worldview of the original inhabitants of this area of the Northern Andes.
The high archaeological potential of southwestern Colombia is reflected in movable vestiges of cultural heritage such as ceramics, metallurgy and rock art, but also in elements of ancestral road infrastructure, currently used by the descendants of those peoples who inhabited this region before the arrival of the Spanish. This work seeks to make visible the spatial relationship between settlements and pre-Hispanic roads, inscribed within an organization of the landscape and territory by human groups that the Spanish called quillacingas. To do this, we have focused on studying the area corresponding to the current township of Genoy, located northwest of the city of Pasto, in the department of Nariño (Colombia). In this territory today, indigenous authority still persists, manifested in the legal entity of the Quillacinga Indigenous Council of Genoy, who has managed to preserve and recover much of the cultural heritage and material culture of their ancestors. Based on the experiences of researchers such as Robert Drennan and Carl Langebaek in other areas of Colombia, a regional recognition methodology was developed that allowed the identification of settlement patterns and a spatial link between domestic contexts, roads and geoforms in this cultural landscape constructed by the ancestors of the quillacinga people. The information collected allowed us to establish the anthropic modifications of the pre-Hispanic landscape, the transformations that occurred during the Colonial period, and the importance of compressed verticality in the socioeconomic relations and worldview of the original inhabitants of this area of the Northern Andes.
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Arqueología--Nariño (Colombia : Departamento), Nariño (Colombia : Departamento)--Restos arqueológicos, Caminos--Nariño (Colombia : Departamento)--Restos arqueológicos
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