La comunicación del Poder Ejecutivo frente a escándalos por corrupción durante el gobierno de Pedro Castillo. El caso Puente Tarata III
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Durante los últimos gobiernos en el Perú, hemos presenciado diversos escándalos
políticos por corrupción protagonizados por las máximas autoridades del Estado. En este
contexto, la comunicación se convierte en una herramienta clave para las entidades y sus
representantes, permitiéndoles responder a cuestionamientos, resolver conflictos, mitigar
el impacto negativo del escándalo y restaurar la credibilidad del Estado ante la ciudadanía.
Esta investigación se centra en conocer la comunicación realizada desde las instituciones
del Poder Ejecutivo peruano en el marco del escándalo por el caso de corrupción “Puente
Tarata III”, ocurrido durante el gobierno del expresidente Pedro Castillo. El estudio
analiza las etapas del escándalo, así como los mensajes y estrategias comunicacionales
empleadas por la Presidencia de la República, la Presidencia del Consejo de Ministros y
el Ministerio de Transportes y Comunicaciones, y por sus respectivos titulares, entre
noviembre de 2021 y diciembre de 2022. La descripción de etapas clave del escándalo
político, como la revelación, publicación, defensa, dramatización, reacción institucional
y estigmatización, permitió comprender cómo se desarrolló el escándalo y de qué manera
los medios de comunicación influyeron en la construcción de su narrativa y en su
permanencia en la agenda pública. Asimismo, el análisis de contenido de
pronunciamientos institucionales y discursos públicos, hizo posible identificar el uso de
diversas estrategias comunicacionales, entre ellas: la negación, el ataque al acusador, el
alegato de conspiración, las acciones correctivas, la justificación, la excusa y el
congraciamiento. Los hallazgos del estudio permitieron caracterizar el enfoque
comunicacional del Poder Ejecutivo frente a esta crisis, así como sus respuestas a lo largo
del desarrollo del escándalo político.
During the last few governments in Peru, we have witnessed several political corruption scandals involving the highest authorities of the State. In this context, communication becomes a key tool for public institutions and their representatives, allowing them to respond to questions, resolve conflicts, mitigate the negative impact of the scandal and restore public trust in the State. This research focuses on the communication carried out by the institutions of the Peruvian Executive Branch in the context of the “Puente Tarata III” corruption scandal, which occurred during the government of former President Pedro Castillo. The study analyzes the stages of the scandal, as well as the messages and communication strategies used by the Presidency of the Republic, the Presidency of the Council of Ministers and the Ministry of Transport and Communications, and by their respective authorities, between November 2021 and December 2022. The description of key stages of the political scandal, such as revelation, publication, defense, dramatization, institutional reaction and stigmatization, allowed us to understand how the scandal developed and how the media influenced the construction of its narrative and its permanence in the public agenda. Likewise, the content analysis of institutional pronouncements and public speeches made it possible to identify the use of various communication strategies, including: denial, attack the accuser, conspiracy allegation, corrective actions, justification, excuse, and ingratiation. The findings of the study allowed characterizing the communicational approach of the Executive Branch to this crisis, as well as its responses throughout the development of the political scandal.
During the last few governments in Peru, we have witnessed several political corruption scandals involving the highest authorities of the State. In this context, communication becomes a key tool for public institutions and their representatives, allowing them to respond to questions, resolve conflicts, mitigate the negative impact of the scandal and restore public trust in the State. This research focuses on the communication carried out by the institutions of the Peruvian Executive Branch in the context of the “Puente Tarata III” corruption scandal, which occurred during the government of former President Pedro Castillo. The study analyzes the stages of the scandal, as well as the messages and communication strategies used by the Presidency of the Republic, the Presidency of the Council of Ministers and the Ministry of Transport and Communications, and by their respective authorities, between November 2021 and December 2022. The description of key stages of the political scandal, such as revelation, publication, defense, dramatization, institutional reaction and stigmatization, allowed us to understand how the scandal developed and how the media influenced the construction of its narrative and its permanence in the public agenda. Likewise, the content analysis of institutional pronouncements and public speeches made it possible to identify the use of various communication strategies, including: denial, attack the accuser, conspiracy allegation, corrective actions, justification, excuse, and ingratiation. The findings of the study allowed characterizing the communicational approach of the Executive Branch to this crisis, as well as its responses throughout the development of the political scandal.
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Corrupción política--Perú, Comunicación--Estudio y crítica, Comunicación política--Perú, Poder ejecutivo--Perú
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