Concepciones de salud en un grupo de curanderos yánesha
Date
2024-10-28
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente investigación cualitativa tuvo como propósito conocer y describir las
concepciones de salud de un grupo de siete curanderos yánesha, de las comunidades nativas
de Tsachopén y Laguna, en la provincia de Oxapampa, departamento de Pasco, Perú. Para
ello, se adoptó un diseño de análisis temático basado en siete entrevistas semiestructuradas.
Los resultados revelaron que los curanderos tienen una visión holística de la salud, que
integra aspectos individuales, relacionales y espirituales, enmarcados en su cosmovisión.
Para ellos, la salud individual está asociada a un cuerpo fuerte y bien nutrido, que permite
trabajar de manera equilibrada y gratificante y protegerse de las amenazas sobrenaturales.
Además, conciben la salud relacional como un equilibrio en las relaciones entre los humanos
y los seres de la naturaleza, regulado mediante un sistema de creencias y valores
culturalmente específicos. Por último, la salud espiritual se vincula a la adherencia del alma
al cuerpo, mientras que el uso de plantas medicinales se concibe como una práctica espiritual
donde articulan su cosmovisión con la fe cristiana. En un sentido más amplio, se encontró
que estas concepciones reflejan una ontología específica donde los seres de la naturaleza
poseen una esencia humana (animismo), y la persona es concebida como una entidad
permeable cuya subjetividad puede traspasar las fronteras del cuerpo. Esta ontología indígena
moldea la experiencia, expresión y explicación de la salud y la enfermedad, así como su
tratamiento. Finalmente, estos hallazgos se tradujeron en algunas consideraciones prácticas
para el abordaje de la psicología clínica en contextos interculturales.
This research aimed to explore and describe health conceptions of a group of seven yánesha healers, from native communities of Tsachopen and Laguna in Oxapampa province, Pasco region, Perú. A thematic analysis design was adopted, and semistructured interviews were conducted in order to collect their knowledge about health and illness. The results revealed that the healers have a holistic view of health, integrating individual, relational and spiritual aspects, within their worldview. They perceive individual health as being associated with a strong and well-nourished body that enables balanced and rewarding rural labours, as well as protection from supernatural threats. Furthermore, they view relational health as a balance in relationships between humans and natural beings, regulated through a culturally specific system of values and beliefs. Lastly, spiritual health is linked to the soul’s adherence to the body, and the use of medicinal plants is seen as a spiritual practice, where healers integrate their indigenous worldview with Christian beliefs. Overall, these conceptions reflect an indigenous ontology in which nature beings possess a human essence (animism) and personhood is conceived as permeable, allowing subjectivity to transcend the boundaries of a person’s individual body. This indigenous ontology shapes the experience, expression and explanation of health and illness, as well as their treatment. Finally, these findings translated into some practical considerations for clinical psychology in intercultural contexts.
This research aimed to explore and describe health conceptions of a group of seven yánesha healers, from native communities of Tsachopen and Laguna in Oxapampa province, Pasco region, Perú. A thematic analysis design was adopted, and semistructured interviews were conducted in order to collect their knowledge about health and illness. The results revealed that the healers have a holistic view of health, integrating individual, relational and spiritual aspects, within their worldview. They perceive individual health as being associated with a strong and well-nourished body that enables balanced and rewarding rural labours, as well as protection from supernatural threats. Furthermore, they view relational health as a balance in relationships between humans and natural beings, regulated through a culturally specific system of values and beliefs. Lastly, spiritual health is linked to the soul’s adherence to the body, and the use of medicinal plants is seen as a spiritual practice, where healers integrate their indigenous worldview with Christian beliefs. Overall, these conceptions reflect an indigenous ontology in which nature beings possess a human essence (animism) and personhood is conceived as permeable, allowing subjectivity to transcend the boundaries of a person’s individual body. This indigenous ontology shapes the experience, expression and explanation of health and illness, as well as their treatment. Finally, these findings translated into some practical considerations for clinical psychology in intercultural contexts.
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Keywords
Curanderos indígenas--Perú--Oxapampa (Pasco : Provincia), Salud mental--Perú--Oxapampa (Pasco : Provincia), Multiculturalismo--Perú--Oxapampa (Pasco : Provincia), Pueblos indígenas--Perú--Oxapampa (Pasco : Provincia)
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