Modelo prolab: Propuesta para reducir la informalidad del sector transporte interprovincial en Perú
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Date
2022-05-19
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La problemática por la que atraviesa hoy en día el sector del transporte interprovincial
en el Perú necesita con urgencia adoptar medidas que puedan brindar solución inmediata a
sus múltiples falencias. Factores coma la inseguridad, la informalidad, la baja calidad del
servicio y altos costos que se generan al transportarse, tanto para los pasajeros como para los
transportistas es una constante a nivel nacional. Las autoridades competentes, involucradas en
la gestión y control de este importante sector, vienen promoviendo campañas de fiscalización
y sensibilización, sin embargo, los resultados obtenidos no son suficientes.
La informalidad en este sector ha llegado a alcanzar cifras exorbitantes, el 89% de
empresas que forman parte de este grupo, operan bajo esta modalidad, incumpliendo normas
de velocidad, calidad y seguridad en los servicios que ofertan. Tan solo en el año 2020,
fallecieron 2,159 personas en accidentes de tránsito producidos en carretera. Es así como,
ante la urgencia de poder cubrir las necesidades no satisfechas de pasajeros y conductores, se
plantea el desarrollo de un nuevo sistema de transporte; el cual es más sostenible, seguro y
que conecta la oferta con la demanda de forma más rápida, cobrando precios justos, el que se
denomina “Viajeros Seguros”.
El diseño de esta solución implicó la validación de una serie de hipótesis a fin de
determinar la deseabilidad del modelo de negocio, las pruebas realizadas a conductores y
pasajeros indicaron que el prototipo de la interfaz de usuario (App) resulta ser amigable, fácil
de usar y tener gran aceptación entre los conductores y pasajero. Del mismo modo, estos
están dispuestos a recomendar el servicio propuesto, midiendo el grado de satisfacción con
una calificación NPS (Net Promoter Score) obteniendo una puntuación mayor a “0”, cuyo
indicador es óptimo para los fines de este estudio. Asimismo, los conductores estarían
dispuestos a pagar el 15% del precio cobrado por cada viajero transportado, por el uso de la
plataforma de Viajero Seguros. Por otro lado, se analizó la viabilidad financiera en cuyo caso los resultados indican
que la propuesta de solución resulta ser económicamente factible ante diferentes escenarios
obteniendo un VAN S/16,098,000 y TIR 33.1%. Asimismo, la propuesta también genera
valor para la sociedad, permitiendo reducir costos en los viajes, ahorro de tiempo empleado
en para esta actividad, incremento en los niveles de seguridad, reduciendo considerablemente
los niveles en las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero. Además de tener un Índice de
Relevancia Social (IRS) igual al 70% ya que su aporte logra impactar directamente sobre
siete de las 10 metas del ODS-11, relacionadas a la generación de ciudades y comunidades
sostenibles.
The problems that the interprovincial transport sector in Peru is going through today urgently needs to adopt measures that can provide an immediate solution to its many shortcomings. Factors such as insecurity, informality, low quality of service and high costs generated by transportation, both for passengers and carriers, are constant at the national level. The competent authorities, involved in the management and control of this important sector, have been promoting inspection and awareness campaigns, however, the results obtained are not sufficient. Informality in this sector has reached exorbitant figures, 89% of companies that are part of this group operate under this modality, failing to comply with speed, quality and safety standards in the services they offer. In 2020 alone, 2,159 people died in road traffic accidents. This is how, given the urgency of being able to cover the unsatisfied needs of passengers and drivers, the development of a new transport system is proposed; which is more sustainable, safe and connects supply with demand more quickly, charging fair prices, which is called "Viajeros Seguros". The design of this solution involved the validation of a series of hypotheses in order to determine the desirability of the business model, the tests carried out on drivers and passengers indicated that the prototype of the user interface (App) turns out to be friendly, easy to use and have great acceptance among drivers and passengers. In the same way, they are willing to recommend the proposed service, measuring the degree of satisfaction with an NPS (Net Promoter Score) rating, obtaining a score greater than "0", whose indicator is optimal for the purposes of this study. Likewise, drivers would be willing to pay 15% of the price charged for each passenger transported, for the use of the Viajeros Seguros platform. On the other hand, the financial viability was analyzed in which case the results indicate that the proposed solution turns out to be economically feasible in different scenarios, obtaining a VAN of S/16,098,000 and an TIR of 33.1%. Likewise, the proposal also generates value for society, allowing to reduce travel costs, save time spent on this activity, increase safety levels, considerably reducing greenhouse gas emission levels. In addition to having a Social Relevance Index (IRS) equal to 70%, since its contribution has a direct impact on seven of the 10 goals of ODS-11, related to the generation of sustainable cities and communities.
The problems that the interprovincial transport sector in Peru is going through today urgently needs to adopt measures that can provide an immediate solution to its many shortcomings. Factors such as insecurity, informality, low quality of service and high costs generated by transportation, both for passengers and carriers, are constant at the national level. The competent authorities, involved in the management and control of this important sector, have been promoting inspection and awareness campaigns, however, the results obtained are not sufficient. Informality in this sector has reached exorbitant figures, 89% of companies that are part of this group operate under this modality, failing to comply with speed, quality and safety standards in the services they offer. In 2020 alone, 2,159 people died in road traffic accidents. This is how, given the urgency of being able to cover the unsatisfied needs of passengers and drivers, the development of a new transport system is proposed; which is more sustainable, safe and connects supply with demand more quickly, charging fair prices, which is called "Viajeros Seguros". The design of this solution involved the validation of a series of hypotheses in order to determine the desirability of the business model, the tests carried out on drivers and passengers indicated that the prototype of the user interface (App) turns out to be friendly, easy to use and have great acceptance among drivers and passengers. In the same way, they are willing to recommend the proposed service, measuring the degree of satisfaction with an NPS (Net Promoter Score) rating, obtaining a score greater than "0", whose indicator is optimal for the purposes of this study. Likewise, drivers would be willing to pay 15% of the price charged for each passenger transported, for the use of the Viajeros Seguros platform. On the other hand, the financial viability was analyzed in which case the results indicate that the proposed solution turns out to be economically feasible in different scenarios, obtaining a VAN of S/16,098,000 and an TIR of 33.1%. Likewise, the proposal also generates value for society, allowing to reduce travel costs, save time spent on this activity, increase safety levels, considerably reducing greenhouse gas emission levels. In addition to having a Social Relevance Index (IRS) equal to 70%, since its contribution has a direct impact on seven of the 10 goals of ODS-11, related to the generation of sustainable cities and communities.
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Keywords
Transporte terrestre--Perú, Comportamiento organizacional, Gestión de riesgos, Economía informal--Perú
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