Protección de los derechos de negociación colectiva y huelga en las redes empresariales y los grupos de empresas. Posibles respuestas desde la jurisprudencia.
Date
2023-01-25
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente investigación se propone encontrar herramientas que permitan asegurar el
efectivo ejercicio de los derechos de negociación colectiva y de huelga en las estructuras
empresariales complejas, como las redes empresariales y los grupos de empresas
formados a partir de estrategias de descentralización productiva. Ello tras constatar que,
a pesar del impacto que las nuevas formas de organización empresarial tienen sobre el
conjunto de relaciones laborales, el ordenamiento jurídico nacional poco o nada dice
acerca del ejercicio de la libertad sindical y de los derechos colectivos en dichos
escenarios.
En ese sentido, se parte de analizar los derechos de negociación colectiva y de huelga
desde la perspectiva de los derechos fundamentales, subrayando la importancia que
tienen las obligaciones y prohibiciones legales que se establecen como garantías
sustantivas de tales derechos. Seguidamente, se examinan las principales
construcciones jurisprudenciales y legislativas que, a nivel comparado, se han
elaborado con el propósito de que las instituciones del derecho del trabajo puedan hacer
frente a los desafíos que les plantean las realidades empresariales complejas. A partir
de ello, se concluye que la tesis del “empleador putativo o instrumental”, sin perjuicio de
las limitaciones que presenta su aplicación, permite que los jueces lleven a cabo una
reinterpretación de las actuales garantías sustantivas de los derechos de negociación
colectiva y de huelga, a fin de que dichas garantías sigan teniendo sentido o no resulten
vaciadas de contenido frente a los fenómenos empresariales que aparecen como
resultado de la descentralización productiva.
This research aims to find tools to ensure the effective exercise of collective bargaining and strike rights in complex business structures, such as business networks and groups of companies formed from productive decentralization strategies. This after noting that, despite the impact that the new forms of business organization have on all labor relations, the national legal system says little or nothing about the exercise of freedom of association and collective rights in these scenarios. In this sense, it is based on analyzing the rights of collective bargaining and strike from the perspective of fundamental rights, emphasizing on the importance of the legal obligations and prohibitions that are established as substantive guarantees of such rights. Subsequently, are examined the main jurisprudential and legislative constructions that, at the comparative level, have been elaborated with the purpose of enabling labour law institutions to face the challenges posed by complex business realities. From this, it is concluded that the thesis of the "putative or instrumental employer", despite the limitations presented by its application, allows judges to carry out a reinterpretation of the current substantive guarantees of the rights of collective bargaining and strike, so that these guarantees continue to fulfill their function or are not emptied of content infront of business phenomena that appear as a result of productive decentralization.
This research aims to find tools to ensure the effective exercise of collective bargaining and strike rights in complex business structures, such as business networks and groups of companies formed from productive decentralization strategies. This after noting that, despite the impact that the new forms of business organization have on all labor relations, the national legal system says little or nothing about the exercise of freedom of association and collective rights in these scenarios. In this sense, it is based on analyzing the rights of collective bargaining and strike from the perspective of fundamental rights, emphasizing on the importance of the legal obligations and prohibitions that are established as substantive guarantees of such rights. Subsequently, are examined the main jurisprudential and legislative constructions that, at the comparative level, have been elaborated with the purpose of enabling labour law institutions to face the challenges posed by complex business realities. From this, it is concluded that the thesis of the "putative or instrumental employer", despite the limitations presented by its application, allows judges to carry out a reinterpretation of the current substantive guarantees of the rights of collective bargaining and strike, so that these guarantees continue to fulfill their function or are not emptied of content infront of business phenomena that appear as a result of productive decentralization.
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Keywords
Negociaciones colectivas de trabajo--Perú, Huelgas y paros--Perú, Subcontratación--Perú, Derecho laboral--Perú
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