Feminidades en tránsito: Mujeres peruanas nikkei que viajaron como dekasegi a finales de los ochenta y/o en la década de los noventas
Date
2024-06-21
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
En 1873 arribó al territorio peruano el primer barco con japoneses. En principio, la
migración buscó juntar dinero de sus trabajos agrícolas y regresar a Japón; sin
embargo, muchos de ellos se quedaron en el Perú y tuvieron una gran descendencia
(Takenaka, 2004). La crisis generalizada de la década de los ochenta supuso una
búsqueda de nuevos horizontes para muchos jóvenes en el Perú. Para los jóvenes
nikkei, se abrió la posibilidad de “regresar” a las tierras de sus antepasados a través
de empleos no calificados, aparece entonces la figura del dekasegi. Si bien las
experiencias de estos jóvenes fueron, y siguen siendo, heterogéneas y dinámicas,
poco se ha explorado sobre las experiencias de las mujeres dekasegi en un mundo
globalizado. Además, las mujeres dekasegi presentan un cambio generacional: son
capaces de acceder a educación superior, votar y utilizar métodos anticonceptivos
(Barrig, 2017). Esta investigación explora las feminidades de mujeres nikkei que
emigraron a Japón como dekasegi entre finales de los ochentas y/o la década de los
noventas. La maternidad es el componente central e integrador en la construcción de
las feminidades de las entrevistadas. El trabajo es el vehículo para responder a los
deseos de maternidad, y el quiebre de la identidad nikkei que experimentar por migrar
les hace replantearse el ejercicio de la maternidad en Japón y Perú.
In 1873 the first ship with Japanese arrived in Peruvian territory. In principle, the migration sought to raise money from their agricultural work and return to Japan; However, many of them stayed in Peru and had large descendants (Takenaka, 2004). The general crisis of the 1980s meant a search for new horizons for many young people in Peru. For young Nikkei, the possibility of “returning” to the lands of their ancestors through unskilled jobs was opened, and then the figure of the dekasegi appeared. While the experiences of these young people were, and continue to be, heterogeneous and dynamic, little has been explored about the experiences of dekasegi women in a globalized world. Furthermore, dekasegi women present a generational change: they are able to access higher education, vote, and use contraceptive methods (Barrig, 2017). This research explores the femininities of Nikkei women who emigrated to Japan as dekasegi between the late 1980s and/or 1990s. Motherhood is the central and integrating component in the construction of the femininities of the interviewees. Work is the vehicle to respond to the desires of motherhood, and the breakdown of Nikkei identity that they experience due to migrating makes them rethink the exercise of motherhood in Japan and Peru.
In 1873 the first ship with Japanese arrived in Peruvian territory. In principle, the migration sought to raise money from their agricultural work and return to Japan; However, many of them stayed in Peru and had large descendants (Takenaka, 2004). The general crisis of the 1980s meant a search for new horizons for many young people in Peru. For young Nikkei, the possibility of “returning” to the lands of their ancestors through unskilled jobs was opened, and then the figure of the dekasegi appeared. While the experiences of these young people were, and continue to be, heterogeneous and dynamic, little has been explored about the experiences of dekasegi women in a globalized world. Furthermore, dekasegi women present a generational change: they are able to access higher education, vote, and use contraceptive methods (Barrig, 2017). This research explores the femininities of Nikkei women who emigrated to Japan as dekasegi between the late 1980s and/or 1990s. Motherhood is the central and integrating component in the construction of the femininities of the interviewees. Work is the vehicle to respond to the desires of motherhood, and the breakdown of Nikkei identity that they experience due to migrating makes them rethink the exercise of motherhood in Japan and Peru.
Description
Keywords
Trabajadoras extranjeras peruanas--Japón--Condiciones sociales, Migración de retorno--Japón, Maternidad--Perú, Maternidad--Japón