La maternidad a través de las generaciones: Transformaciones, continuidades y expectativas de maternidad en el caserío de Llasavilca Alto (Chota, Cajamarca)

Abstract

Para la siguiente tesis presento el caserío de Llasavilca Alto como una localidad donde se hacen visibles las transformaciones rurales y donde el estudio de la maternidad es posible. Desde una metodología etnográfica, esta investigación tuvo como objetivo principal analizar las narrativas y experiencias de maternidad de las mujeres de distintas generaciones en un entorno rural cambiante, donde las mujeres dan cuentan de estas transformaciones en sus subjetividades, corporalidades y prácticas cotidianas. Las experiencias de maternidad fueron analizadas a partir de las historias de vida de seis mujeres: tres madres jóvenes y tres madres adultas. Esta selección permitió realizar una comparación histórica y social entre ambas generaciones en el contexto sociocultural de la maternidad. En este proceso, fueron esenciales técnicas como la observación participante y las entrevistas semi-estructuradas. Los hallazgos se desarrollan en tres capítulos. En el segundo capítulo, se exploran las historias de vida de cada madre, donde se consideran eventos clave de sus historias de vida a través de sus propias narrativas y experiencias, teniendo en cuenta los contextos y transformaciones en la comunidad de Llasavilca Alto. El tercer capítulo profundiza en los cambios observados en la generación actual, explorando nuevas valoraciones, desafíos y problemáticas. Se examinarán tanto las continuidades como las dificultades persistentes para ambos grupos generacionales. El cuarto capítulo se enfoca en las expectativas de maternidad en cada generación. Se analizará la importancia del profesionalismo y la permanencia de los vínculos afectivos y de cuidado. Finalmente, se abordarán los factores que dificultan el desarrollo de estas expectativas.Rural maternities have not been extensively studied in terms of generational changes within academic research. Nevertheless, maternity in rural settings is in constant transformation due to the introduction of new changes and contexts. For the development of this thesis, I present the village of Llasavilca Alto as a locality where rural transformations become evident and where the study of maternity is feasible. Thus, the primary objective of this research was to analyze the narratives and experiences of maternity among women from different generations in a changing rural environment, where women account for these transformations in their subjectivities, corporealities, daily practices, and ways of relating. Using an ethnographic methodology, the study aimed to understand the changes and/or continuities in maternity experiences and, secondly, to delve into the maternity expectations of the women from the village of Llasavilca Alto. Maternity experiences were analyzed through the life stories of six women: three young mothers and three adult mothers. The focus for the adult mothers was on their experiences during the early years of their children's lives. This selection allowed for a historical and social comparison between the two generations within the sociocultural context of maternity. For the adult mothers, their experiences were reconstructed from memories and recollections. Techniques such as participant observation and semi-structured interviews were essential in this process. The findings of this research are presented in three chapters. The first chapter explores the life stories of each mother, considering key events in their life trajectories through their own narratives and experiences. This analysis will reflect on the differences in maternity experiences today compared to approximately 40 years ago, taking into account the contexts and transformations in the community of Llasavilca Alto and how these have influenced new meanings of maternity. The second chapter delves into the changes observed in the current generation, exploring new valuations, challenges, and issues. It examines both continuities and persistent difficulties for both generational groups in the practice of maternity. The third chapter focuses on maternity expectations in each generation. It analyzes the importance of professionalism and the maintenance of affective and caregiving bonds, as well as the various concerns faced by mothers in each generation. Finally, it addresses the factors that hinder the fulfillment of these expectations.