Alteración en la asignación de riesgos en las concesiones cofinanciadas de infraestructura de transporte de uso público mediante modificaciones contractuales
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Date
2018-06-07
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
En el presente trabajo se analiza si las modificaciones efectuadas sobre los contratos de concesión de infraestructura de transporte de uso público, cofinanciados y vigentes, han alterado la asignación de riesgos previamente pactada por las partes.
Para tal efecto, en primer lugar, se estudia y reconoce que la óptima distribución de riesgos es una característica inherente a las asociaciones público privadas, siendo las concesiones cofinanciadas una de sus modalidades. Asimismo, se define el alcance de la noción de riesgo contractual, se identifican cuáles son los riesgos que existen y se comparten en las concesiones cofinanciadas, así como los criterios para conseguir una eficiente asignación. Como siguiente paso, se estudian las razones que justifican la legítima necesidad de recurrir a las modificaciones contractuales, como mecanismos de solución de contingencias no previstas, pero también se reconoce la existencia de ciertos peligros que encierran las renegociaciones
contractuales. En ese mismo orden de ideas, se estudia la evolución normativa de la regulación sobre adendas y modificaciones contractuales, con especial énfasis en el tratamiento legal del deber de procurar no alterar la asignación de riesgos originalmente contemplada. Continuando con el desarrollo de la investigación, se establecen los criterios en virtud de los cuales debe considerarse que una modificación contractual altera justificada o injustificadamente la asignación de riesgos. Posteriormente, sobre la base de dichos criterios, se efectúa un análisis detallado de las modificaciones efectuadas a los trece contratos de concesión cofinanciados vigentes de infraestructura de transporte de uso público que han sido
objeto de alguna renegociación. Después de completar dicho estudio, se determina si las modificaciones contractuales analizadas han producido una alteración en la asignación de riesgos previamente establecida y si, de ser el caso, dicha variación es justificada o injustificada. Dichos resultados son consolidados gráficamente. La investigación finaliza con la presentación de las conclusiones y de algunas recomendaciones normativas, que pueden ser implementadas, con la finalidad de precisar el alcance de la obligación legal de procurar no alterar la asignación de riesgos y de evitar la suscripción de adendas que incurran en variaciones injustificadas de los esquemas de distribución de riesgos.
In the present research, it is analyzed if the modifications made to the current co-financed concession contracts of transport infrastructure for public use, have altered the allocation of risks previously agreed upon by the parties. For this purpose, first of all, it is studied and recognized that the optimal distribution of risks is an inherent characteristic of public-private partnerships, and therefore of co-financed concessions, as they are forms of public-private partnerships. Likewise, in the development of the thesis, the notion of contractual risk is defined, which are the risks that exist and are shared in the cofinanced concessions, as well as the criteria to achieve an efficient allocation. As a next step, this research presents the reasons why the modifications of concession contracts are legitimately used as mechanisms for the resolution of unforeseen contingencies, but also recognizes the existence of certain dangers inherent in contractual renegotiations. In this sense, the evolution of regulatory regulation on addenda and contractual modifications is studied, with special emphasis on the legal treatment of the duty to try not to alter the assignment of risks originally agreed upon. Continuing with the development of the research, the guidelines to be followed are established to determine if a contractual modification justifiably or unjustifiably alters the allocation of risks. Subsequently, following these criteria, a detailed analysis is made of the modifications to the thirteen current co-financed concessions transport infrastructure for public use that have been subject to at least a renegotiation. After completing this study, it is determined if the contractual modifications have produced an alteration in the previously established risk allocation and if, if applicable, such variation is justified or unjustified. These results are consolidated graphically. The investigation ends with the presentation of the conclusions and some recommendations, which can be implemented legally, in order to specify the content of the legal obligation to ensure that the allocation of risks is not altered and to avoid addenda that incurs unjustified alterations of the risk distribution schemes.
In the present research, it is analyzed if the modifications made to the current co-financed concession contracts of transport infrastructure for public use, have altered the allocation of risks previously agreed upon by the parties. For this purpose, first of all, it is studied and recognized that the optimal distribution of risks is an inherent characteristic of public-private partnerships, and therefore of co-financed concessions, as they are forms of public-private partnerships. Likewise, in the development of the thesis, the notion of contractual risk is defined, which are the risks that exist and are shared in the cofinanced concessions, as well as the criteria to achieve an efficient allocation. As a next step, this research presents the reasons why the modifications of concession contracts are legitimately used as mechanisms for the resolution of unforeseen contingencies, but also recognizes the existence of certain dangers inherent in contractual renegotiations. In this sense, the evolution of regulatory regulation on addenda and contractual modifications is studied, with special emphasis on the legal treatment of the duty to try not to alter the assignment of risks originally agreed upon. Continuing with the development of the research, the guidelines to be followed are established to determine if a contractual modification justifiably or unjustifiably alters the allocation of risks. Subsequently, following these criteria, a detailed analysis is made of the modifications to the thirteen current co-financed concessions transport infrastructure for public use that have been subject to at least a renegotiation. After completing this study, it is determined if the contractual modifications have produced an alteration in the previously established risk allocation and if, if applicable, such variation is justified or unjustified. These results are consolidated graphically. The investigation ends with the presentation of the conclusions and some recommendations, which can be implemented legally, in order to specify the content of the legal obligation to ensure that the allocation of risks is not altered and to avoid addenda that incurs unjustified alterations of the risk distribution schemes.
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Keywords
Transporte urbano--Perú, Administración de riesgos--Perú, Contratos administrativos--Perú, Concesiones--Perú
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