Repensando la imparcialidad judicial. Una aproximación desde los sesgos cognitivos
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Date
2025-02-07
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Publisher
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente investigación se encuentra orientada en analizar la imparcialidad en el marco
del proceso judicial bajo una perspectiva de la psicología cognitiva bajo la presencia de
sesgos al momento de la toma de decisiones por parte del juez. De igual modo, tiene por
propósito examinar si parte del contenido de este valor que se exige del funcionario
judicial tiene que ver con la ausencia de sesgos cognitivos que influyen en su decisión, el
mismo que puede presentarse en virtud del diseño normativo del proceso.
En concordancia con lo previamente expuesto, el propósito es contribuir al ámbito judicial
con aportes de la psicología desde la perspectiva de los sesgos cognitivos para
comprender la manera en que los jueces forman internamente sus decisiones, las cuales
en algunos casos preceden a su justificación jurídica a través de las resoluciones que
emiten.
La línea de investigación del presente estudio es la de “organización de justicia” y el
criterio para seleccionar la información y elaborar el trabajo corresponde al método
dogmático, presentando un análisis de las instituciones que vinculan a la imparcialidad,
tales como la recusación y abstención judicial, las presunciones judiciales ante la
conducta de las partes, las medidas cautelares y la prueba de oficio.
Luego de finalizada la investigación, se consigue demostrar que parte del contenido de la
imparcialidad implica que las decisiones judiciales no posean sesgos, acreditándose cómo
en determinados supuestos tales situaciones pueden darse en la ámbito práctico,
proponiendo mejoras para contrarrestar la posibilidad de su ocurrencia.
The present research aims to analyze impartiality within the framework of judicial proceedings from the perspective of cognitive psychology, focusing on the presence of biases in judicial decision-making. Furthermore, it seeks to examine whether part of the content of this value, required of judicial officers, involves the absence of cognitive biases that may influence their decisions, which could arise from the normative design of the procedural framework. In line with the foregoing, the purpose is to contribute to the judicial field by incorporating insights from psychology, particularly regarding cognitive biases, to better understand how judges internally form their decisions, which in some cases precede their legal justification through the rulings they issue. The research falls under the “organization of justice” line of inquiry, and the criteria for selecting information and conducting the study are based on the dogmatic method. The analysis focuses on institutions related to impartiality, such as judicial recusal and abstention, judicial presumptions regarding the conduct of the parties, provisional measures, and ex officio evidence. Upon concluding the investigation, it is demonstrated that part of the content of impartiality entails ensuring that judicial decisions are free of biases. The study substantiates how such situations may arise in practice under certain circumstances and proposes improvements to mitigate their occurrence.
The present research aims to analyze impartiality within the framework of judicial proceedings from the perspective of cognitive psychology, focusing on the presence of biases in judicial decision-making. Furthermore, it seeks to examine whether part of the content of this value, required of judicial officers, involves the absence of cognitive biases that may influence their decisions, which could arise from the normative design of the procedural framework. In line with the foregoing, the purpose is to contribute to the judicial field by incorporating insights from psychology, particularly regarding cognitive biases, to better understand how judges internally form their decisions, which in some cases precede their legal justification through the rulings they issue. The research falls under the “organization of justice” line of inquiry, and the criteria for selecting information and conducting the study are based on the dogmatic method. The analysis focuses on institutions related to impartiality, such as judicial recusal and abstention, judicial presumptions regarding the conduct of the parties, provisional measures, and ex officio evidence. Upon concluding the investigation, it is demonstrated that part of the content of impartiality entails ensuring that judicial decisions are free of biases. The study substantiates how such situations may arise in practice under certain circumstances and proposes improvements to mitigate their occurrence.
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Keywords
Derecho procesal--Legislación--Perú, Prueba (Derecho)--Perú, Medidas cautelares (Procedimiento civil), Administración de justicia--Perú