“Soy yapaterana. Soy afrodescendiente… Negra, morena y zamba”: El proceso de construcción de las identidades étnico-raciales de las mujeres jóvenes en el pueblo afrodescendiente de Yapatera, Piura
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2025-01-13
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La construcción de sentidos de identidades étnico-raciales se ha vuelto cada vez más compleja en un contexto global que desde un discurso oficial se fomenta la diversidad cultural, pero que, en la práctica, perpetúa discursos y estructuras sociales racistas. Este fenómeno es especialmente relevante entre las poblaciones afrodescendientes en América Latina. Uno de los lugares donde ha emergido un notable proceso de construcción y transmisión identitaria afrodescendiente es el pueblo de Yapatera, en la región de Piura, Perú. Este estudio se centra en analizar el proceso de construcción de la identidad étnico-racial de las mujeres jóvenes yapateranas. Durante los últimos 40 años, el pueblo de Yapatera se ha (auto)reconocido como afrodescendiente y ha desarrollado estrategias para transmitir esta identidad entre sus habitantes. Hoy en día, las mujeres jóvenes de Yapatera se identifican abiertamente como afrodescendientes, utilizando términos específicos y adoptando diversos elementos para dar significado a su afrodescendencia. Este proceso identitario se enmarca en las experiencias de vida que se encuentran marcadas por su género, y vinculadas a ideas y estereotipos que afectan de manera particular a las mujeres afrodescendientes. A través de un enfoque etnográfico basado en un trabajo de campo de nueve semanas en Yapatera, me aproximo a las experiencias de vida de las jóvenes yapateranas, quienes, actualmente, están protagonizando un proceso de revaloración de sus identidades étnico-raciales, el cual no está libre de desafíos y ambigüedades.
The construction of meanings of ethnic-racial identities has become increasingly complex in a global context that, through an official discourse, promotes cultural diversity, but, in practice, perpetuates racist discourses and social structures. This phenomenon is especially relevant among Afro-descendant populations in Latin America. One of the places where a notable process of Afro-descendant identity construction and transmission has emerged is the town of Yapatera, in the Piura region, Peru. This study focuses on analyzing the process of construction of the ethnic and racial identity of young women from Yapatera. During the last 40 years, the people of Yapatera have (self)recognized as Afro-descendant and have developed strategies to transmit this identity among their inhabitants. Today, young women in Yapatera openly identify as Afro-descendants, using specific terms and adopting various elements to give meaning to their Afro-descendence. This identity process is framed in life experiences that are marked by their gender, and linked to ideas and stereotypes that particularly affect Afro-descendant women. Through an ethnographic approach based on a nine-week fieldwork in Yapatera, I approach the life experiences of young women, who are currently leading a process of revaluation of their ethnic-racial identities, which is not free from challenges and ambiguities.
The construction of meanings of ethnic-racial identities has become increasingly complex in a global context that, through an official discourse, promotes cultural diversity, but, in practice, perpetuates racist discourses and social structures. This phenomenon is especially relevant among Afro-descendant populations in Latin America. One of the places where a notable process of Afro-descendant identity construction and transmission has emerged is the town of Yapatera, in the Piura region, Peru. This study focuses on analyzing the process of construction of the ethnic and racial identity of young women from Yapatera. During the last 40 years, the people of Yapatera have (self)recognized as Afro-descendant and have developed strategies to transmit this identity among their inhabitants. Today, young women in Yapatera openly identify as Afro-descendants, using specific terms and adopting various elements to give meaning to their Afro-descendence. This identity process is framed in life experiences that are marked by their gender, and linked to ideas and stereotypes that particularly affect Afro-descendant women. Through an ethnographic approach based on a nine-week fieldwork in Yapatera, I approach the life experiences of young women, who are currently leading a process of revaluation of their ethnic-racial identities, which is not free from challenges and ambiguities.
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Negros--Identidad racial--Perú--Chulucanas (Piura : Distrito), Mujeres jóvenes--Perú--Chulucanas (Piura : Distrito)--Condiciones sociales, Multiculturalismo--Perú--Chulucanas (Piura : Distrito)
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