Informe Jurídico sobre la Resolución del Tribunal Registral Nº 791-2019-SUNARP-TR-A
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Date
2025-02-19
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Abstract
El caso aborda la apelación presentada contra la decisión del Tribunal Registral
de invalidar los acuerdos adoptados en una Junta General de Accionistas (JGA)
de la sociedad "Inversiones y Desarrollo de la Concordia S.A.C.". La principal
cuestión radica en que la convocatoria fue realizada por un accionista
mayoritario, lo que contraviene el artículo 245 de la Ley General de Sociedades
(LGS), que otorga exclusivamente al Directorio o al Gerente General la facultad
de convocar. Adicionalmente, la JGA se celebró fuera del domicilio social,
incumpliendo el artículo 112 de la LGS. Ambos elementos constituyen defectos
de fondo que llevaron al Tribunal a declarar la invalidez de los acuerdos
adoptados.
En cuanto a los instrumentos normativos, destaca la Ley General de Sociedades,
que regula los requisitos de convocatoria, lugar de celebración y alternativas
legales como la solicitud notarial o judicial para garantizar la validez de las
decisiones societarias. Estas disposiciones buscan salvaguardar derechos de
los accionistas, como el derecho de asistencia y voto, así como prevenir abusos
y conflictos de interés.
El Tribunal Registral fundamentó su decisión en el principio de seguridad jurídica,
destacando la necesidad de cumplir estrictamente con los requisitos legales para
preservar la validez de los acuerdos. Aunque el accionista mayoritario pudo
haber utilizado mecanismos legales alternativos, como la convocatoria notarial o
judicial, no lo hizo. La resolución subraya la importancia de respetar las
disposiciones legales para garantizar la funcionalidad de la sociedad y la
protección de los derechos de todos los accionistas.
This analysis delves into the legal intricacies of a case concerning the invalidation of a General Shareholders’ Meeting (JGA) held within a closely held corporation (Sociedad Anónima Cerrada, SAC). The core issue revolves around the improper convocation of the JGA by a majority shareholder, bypassing the exclusive authority of the General Manager as stipulated in the Peruvian General Corporations Law (LGS). The Tribunal Registral's decision to invalidate the agreements adopted in the meeting highlights key principles of legality, procedural rigor, and the safeguarding of shareholders' rights. The study explores the exclusive authority of corporate administrators in calling JGAs, emphasizing its role in ensuring neutrality, mitigating conflicts of interest, and protecting minority shareholders. It also examines alternative legal mechanisms, such as notarial and judicial convocations, which provide functional remedies to administrative deadlocks while preserving the integrity of corporate governance. Furthermore, the analysis underscores the significance of the domicile requirement for JGA meetings, as mandated by Article 112 of the LGS. This requirement is not merely procedural but serves to uphold shareholders’ fundamental rights to participate and vote, ensuring inclusivity and transparency in corporate decision-making. While exceptions like universal meetings or electronic participation are acknowledged, the absence of conclusive evidence to validate their application in this case solidifies the Tribunal's position. The findings affirm that strict adherence to formal requirements fosters legal certainty and equitable governance. However, the study also raises critical reflections on balancing procedural rigor with operational efficiency, urging a nuanced interpretation of the law that aligns with corporate realities without compromising foundational principles.
This analysis delves into the legal intricacies of a case concerning the invalidation of a General Shareholders’ Meeting (JGA) held within a closely held corporation (Sociedad Anónima Cerrada, SAC). The core issue revolves around the improper convocation of the JGA by a majority shareholder, bypassing the exclusive authority of the General Manager as stipulated in the Peruvian General Corporations Law (LGS). The Tribunal Registral's decision to invalidate the agreements adopted in the meeting highlights key principles of legality, procedural rigor, and the safeguarding of shareholders' rights. The study explores the exclusive authority of corporate administrators in calling JGAs, emphasizing its role in ensuring neutrality, mitigating conflicts of interest, and protecting minority shareholders. It also examines alternative legal mechanisms, such as notarial and judicial convocations, which provide functional remedies to administrative deadlocks while preserving the integrity of corporate governance. Furthermore, the analysis underscores the significance of the domicile requirement for JGA meetings, as mandated by Article 112 of the LGS. This requirement is not merely procedural but serves to uphold shareholders’ fundamental rights to participate and vote, ensuring inclusivity and transparency in corporate decision-making. While exceptions like universal meetings or electronic participation are acknowledged, the absence of conclusive evidence to validate their application in this case solidifies the Tribunal's position. The findings affirm that strict adherence to formal requirements fosters legal certainty and equitable governance. However, the study also raises critical reflections on balancing procedural rigor with operational efficiency, urging a nuanced interpretation of the law that aligns with corporate realities without compromising foundational principles.
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Keywords
Superintendencia Nacional de los Registros Públicos (Perú), Asambleas de accionistas--Perú, Sociedades--Legislación--Perú