Análisis del libro oficial de texto de matemática de cuarto año de secundaria en relación con el objeto matemático fracciones algebraicas desde la perspectiva del EOS
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2019-03-13
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar las tareas desarrolladas y propuestas en el texto oficial de matemática de cuarto año de secundaria de 2012, en relación con el objeto matemático fracciones algebraicas, objeto de estudio establecido en el Diseño Curricular Nacional (2009), que se enseñó en el nivel VII de educación secundaria en las instituciones públicas del país y es usado en diversos contenidos matemáticos a nivel superior.
Para hacer el análisis de nuestro objeto de estudio, fracciones algebraicas, es necesario trabajar con las herramientas de análisis que ofrece la teoría Enfoque Ontosemiótico de la Cognición e Instrucción Matemática, más conocido como EOS, las cuales, ayudan a identificar los objetos activados en la práctica matemática de nuestro estudio.
El análisis de las configuraciones epistémicas elaboradas, en las cuales se presentan los objetos matemáticos primarios: conceptos, lenguajes, problemas, proposiciones, procedimientos y argumentos; sirven tanto para determinar los significados institucionales, como para identificar los conceptos y procedimientos usados al resolver tareas sobre fracciones algebraicas. Además, al identificar los procesos y conceptos de las tareas propuestas y desarrolladas en el material de texto, se realiza la categoría de tareas simples y complejas de acuerdo a la demanda cognitiva propuesta por Stein. Asimismo, es necesario apoyarnos en los descriptores del sentido estructural, enfoque procedimental y estructural, para determinar el nivel de exigencia cognitiva que presentan las tareas del texto oficial de matemática 2012.
Finalmente, después del análisis respectivo, hemos concluido que las tareas matemáticas de fracciones algebraicas que se propusieron a los alumnos de educación secundaria pública, tienen baja idoneidad epistémica, lo cual nos permite reflexionar acerca de cómo se vienen proponiendo las tareas en el texto oficial de matemática de cuarto año de secundaria.
The objective of this paper is to analyze the tasks developed and proposed in the official text of mathematics in the fourth year of secondary school in 2012, related to the mathematical object algebraic fractions, object of study established in the National Curricular Design (2009), which was taught in the level VII of secondary education in the public institutions of the country and is used in diverse mathematical contents at a superior level. To make the analysis of our object of study, algebraic fractions, it is necessary to work with the analysis tools offered by the Ontosemiótico Approach of Cognition and Mathematical Instruction, better known as EOS, which help to identify the objects activated in the mathematical practice of our study. The analysis of elaborate epistemic configurations, in which the primary mathematical objects are presented: concepts, languages, problems, propositions, procedures and arguments; they serve both to determine institutional meanings, and to identify the concepts and procedures used in solving tasks on algebraic fractions. In addition, by identifying the processes and concepts of the tasks proposed and developed in the text material, the category of simple and complex tasks is performed according to the cognitive demand proposed by Stein. Likewise, it is necessary to rely on the descriptors of the structural sense, procedural and structural approach, to determine the level of cognitive requirement presented by the tasks of the official text of mathematics 2012. Finally, after the respective analysis, we have concluded that the mathematical tasks of algebraic fractions that were proposed to students of public secondary education, have low epistemic suitability, which allows us to reflect on how the tasks are being proposed in the official text of Mathematics of fourth year of secondary school.
The objective of this paper is to analyze the tasks developed and proposed in the official text of mathematics in the fourth year of secondary school in 2012, related to the mathematical object algebraic fractions, object of study established in the National Curricular Design (2009), which was taught in the level VII of secondary education in the public institutions of the country and is used in diverse mathematical contents at a superior level. To make the analysis of our object of study, algebraic fractions, it is necessary to work with the analysis tools offered by the Ontosemiótico Approach of Cognition and Mathematical Instruction, better known as EOS, which help to identify the objects activated in the mathematical practice of our study. The analysis of elaborate epistemic configurations, in which the primary mathematical objects are presented: concepts, languages, problems, propositions, procedures and arguments; they serve both to determine institutional meanings, and to identify the concepts and procedures used in solving tasks on algebraic fractions. In addition, by identifying the processes and concepts of the tasks proposed and developed in the text material, the category of simple and complex tasks is performed according to the cognitive demand proposed by Stein. Likewise, it is necessary to rely on the descriptors of the structural sense, procedural and structural approach, to determine the level of cognitive requirement presented by the tasks of the official text of mathematics 2012. Finally, after the respective analysis, we have concluded that the mathematical tasks of algebraic fractions that were proposed to students of public secondary education, have low epistemic suitability, which allows us to reflect on how the tasks are being proposed in the official text of Mathematics of fourth year of secondary school.
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Matemáticas--Estudio y enseñanza (Secundaria), Álgebra--Estudio y enseñanza
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