Formas diferenciadas de territorialización estatal en zonas de extracción minera: Responsabilidad Social Empresarial, privatización del Estado y organización comunal en dos comunidades campesinas en el distrito de San Marcos, Ancash
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
El presente estudio tiene por objetico analizar la organización social comunal y
el impacto de esta en las formas de territorialización del Estado a través de la
privatización de sus funciones básicas, que se ven sustituidas a través de la
Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE). El caso que se analizará será el de la
empresa Antamina y la relaciones con las comunidades campesinas de Huaripampa
y Ango Raju, en el distrito de San Marcos, Ancash. Utilizando entrevistas semi
estructuradas a actores involucrados y el análisis de información primaria y
secundaria realizado un rastreo de procesos (process tracing), encontramos que la
organización inicial de cada comunidad y su capacidad de aprendizaje en las
negociaciones con la empresa determinan las formas de territorialización privada en
cada una de ellas. En Ango Raju, una mayor organización social permitió la
intervención estatal directa y un menor uso de mecanismos de RSE. En contraste, en
Huaripampa, con menor organización al momento de las negociaciones iniciales, la
empresa y sus mecanismos de RSE tuvieron mayor protagonismo. Ambas
comunidades han aprendido y adaptado sus estrategias de negociación, lo que ha
modificado gradualmente las condiciones iniciales, aunque las diferencias persisten.
Se ha establecido tres periodos clave a partir del análisis histórico; una primera fase
de inicio y configuración del poder, una segunda fase de expansión y territorialización
del gobierno privado y una tercera donde los actores locales responden y buscan
mejorar sus capacidades de negociación frente a actores más grandes.
The objective of this study is to analyze communal social organization and its impact on the forms of territorialization of the State through the privatization of its basic functions, which are replaced by Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The case under analysis will be the company Antamina and its relationships with the peasant communities of Huaripampa and Ango Raju in the district of San Marcos, Ancash. Using semi-structured interviews with involved actors and process tracing based on the analysis of primary and secondary information, we found that the initial organization of each community and its learning capacity in negotiations with the company determine the forms of private territorialization in each case. In Ango Raju, greater social organization allowed for direct state intervention and reduced the use of CSR mechanisms. In contrast, in Huaripampa, with less organization at the time of the initial negotiations, the company and its CSR mechanisms played a more prominent role. Both communities have learned and adapted their negotiation strategies, which has gradually modified the initial conditions, although differences persist. Three key periods have been identified through historical analysis: an initial phase of power establishment and configuration, a second phase of expansion and territorialization of private governance, and a third in which local actors respond and seek to improve their negotiation capacities with larger actors.
The objective of this study is to analyze communal social organization and its impact on the forms of territorialization of the State through the privatization of its basic functions, which are replaced by Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The case under analysis will be the company Antamina and its relationships with the peasant communities of Huaripampa and Ango Raju in the district of San Marcos, Ancash. Using semi-structured interviews with involved actors and process tracing based on the analysis of primary and secondary information, we found that the initial organization of each community and its learning capacity in negotiations with the company determine the forms of private territorialization in each case. In Ango Raju, greater social organization allowed for direct state intervention and reduced the use of CSR mechanisms. In contrast, in Huaripampa, with less organization at the time of the initial negotiations, the company and its CSR mechanisms played a more prominent role. Both communities have learned and adapted their negotiation strategies, which has gradually modified the initial conditions, although differences persist. Three key periods have been identified through historical analysis: an initial phase of power establishment and configuration, a second phase of expansion and territorialization of private governance, and a third in which local actors respond and seek to improve their negotiation capacities with larger actors.
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Industria minera--Perú--San Marcos (Ancash : Distrito), Responsabilidad social de las empresas--Perú--San Marcos (Ancash : Distrito), Territorialidad--Perú
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