Aprendiendo en el camino: la continuidad de la implementación del programa Nacional Cuna Más en el contexto de la pandemia de la COVID-19 en Villa María del Triunfo (2020 - 2021)
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
La primera infancia es una etapa crucial para el desarrollo del niño, en la cual,
problemáticas como la desnutrición crónica, la anemia, su ambiente de crianza, entre
otras, pueden impactar de manera negativa en su desarrollo. Ello se agrava cuando
el infante se encuentra en contexto marcado por la pobreza o pobreza extrema.
Tomando en cuenta este escenario y la necesidad de un desarrollo óptimo en la
primera infancia, en el año 2012 se creó el Programa Nacional Cuna Más (PNCM),
cuyo objetivo es mejorar el desarrollo de las niñas y niños entre los 0 y 36 meses que
viven en condiciones de pobreza y pobreza extrema. No obstante, con la llegada de
la pandemia por la COVID-19 y la implementación de las medidas para mitigar su
impacto, el PNCM sufrió una serie de cambios entre su desactivación y posterior
reactivación para adecuarse a las circunstancias de la pandemia. Ante ello, la
presente investigación busca analizar los factores que explican la continuidad de la
implementación del PNCM en un nuevo contexto marcado por la pandemia en el
distrito de Villa María del Triunfo - Lima Metropolitana. Ello resulta relevante en la
medida que este es uno de los distritos más pobres de Lima en el que conviven
problemáticas como la pobreza, contextos ambientales adversos, entre otros.
Asimismo, este distrito cuenta con una gran cantidad de infantes dentro de los distritos
que componen Lima Sur. Por lo que, resulta relevante explicar qué factores
cambiaron para permitir la continuidad de la implementación del PNCM en uno de los
distritos con más infantes de Lima Metropolitana. Adicionalmente, la investigación
reveló la existencia de consecuencias del programa sobre diferentes aspectos de la
vida de las mujeres, que también son mencionados en la tesis y que plantean
cuestiones que requieren ser estudiadas y sobre las que se puede profundizar en
investigaciones futuras.
Early childhood is a critical stage in a child's development, in which problems such as chronic malnutrition, anemia, and the child's upbringing environment, among others, can have a negative impact on his or her development. This is aggravated when the infant is in a context marked by poverty or extreme poverty. Taking into account this scenario and the need for optimal development in early childhood, in 2012 the Cuna Más National Program (PNCM) was created, whose objective is to improve the development of girls and boys between 0 and 36 months who live in conditions of poverty and extreme poverty. However, with the arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic and the implementation of measures to mitigate its impact, the PNCM underwent a series of changes between its deactivation and subsequent reactivation to adapt to the circumstances of the pandemic. Therefore, this research seeks to analyze the factors that explain the continuity of the implementation of the PNCM in a new context marked by the pandemic in the district of Villa Maria del Triunfo - Metropolitan Lima. This is relevant to the extent that this is one of the poorest districts of Lima in which problems such as poverty, adverse environmental contexts, among others, coexist. Also, this district has a large number of infants among the districts that make up southern Lima. Therefore, it is relevant to explain what factors changed to allow the continuity of the implementation of the PNCM in one of the districts with more infants in Metropolitan Lima. Finally, the research revealed the existence of consequences of the program on different aspects of women's lives, which are also mentioned in the thesis and which raise questions that need to be studied and can be further explored in future research.
Early childhood is a critical stage in a child's development, in which problems such as chronic malnutrition, anemia, and the child's upbringing environment, among others, can have a negative impact on his or her development. This is aggravated when the infant is in a context marked by poverty or extreme poverty. Taking into account this scenario and the need for optimal development in early childhood, in 2012 the Cuna Más National Program (PNCM) was created, whose objective is to improve the development of girls and boys between 0 and 36 months who live in conditions of poverty and extreme poverty. However, with the arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic and the implementation of measures to mitigate its impact, the PNCM underwent a series of changes between its deactivation and subsequent reactivation to adapt to the circumstances of the pandemic. Therefore, this research seeks to analyze the factors that explain the continuity of the implementation of the PNCM in a new context marked by the pandemic in the district of Villa Maria del Triunfo - Metropolitan Lima. This is relevant to the extent that this is one of the poorest districts of Lima in which problems such as poverty, adverse environmental contexts, among others, coexist. Also, this district has a large number of infants among the districts that make up southern Lima. Therefore, it is relevant to explain what factors changed to allow the continuity of the implementation of the PNCM in one of the districts with more infants in Metropolitan Lima. Finally, the research revealed the existence of consequences of the program on different aspects of women's lives, which are also mentioned in the thesis and which raise questions that need to be studied and can be further explored in future research.
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Desarrollo infantil--Perú--Villa María del Triunfo (Lima : Distrito), Pandemia de COVID-19, 2020- --Perú--Villa María del Triunfo (Lima : Distrito), Integración social--Perú--Villa María del Triunfo (Lima : Distrito), Perú--Política social
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