El proceso de diversificación curricular en el quinto ciclo del área de Arte y Cultura de una escuela pública de Lima Metropolitana
Date
2024-06-27
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La investigación tiene como objetivo comprender el proceso de diversificación
curricular realizado por los docentes de quinto ciclo en el área de Arte y Cultura
de una escuela pública de Lima Metropolitana.
Para ello se revisaron las condiciones institucionales y del desempeño docente
con el fin de conocer si es que estas estarían siendo un limitante o más bien un
soporte en el proceso señalado. Además, se describieron las acciones
específicas realizadas por los docentes, así como la autopercepción de su rol
para finalmente caracterizar los elementos curriculares que adecuaron.
El estudio se ha abordado desde un enfoque cualitativo utilizando el método de
estudio de caso puesto que se centra en el análisis de un fenómeno específico
a partir de las interpretaciones de dos docentes que dictan el área curricular de
Arte y Cultura en quinto y sexto grado de primaria. Para el recojo de información
se hizo uso de dos técnicas: la observación en aula, a través de cuatro visitas y;
la entrevista semiestructurada que fue realizada de manera posterior a las
observaciones.
Finalmente, se concluye que los docentes no realizan un proceso como tal en lo
que corresponde a la diversificación curricular, sino que ejecutan acciones
aisladas de adecuación las que aplican en ajustes de materiales o tiempos.
Además, no existen las condiciones institucionales mínimas para apoyar a los
docentes en su desarrollo pedagógico ni curricular. A su vez, ellos tampoco
cuentan con la formación continua requerida para desempeñarse eficientemente
en el manejo pedagógico y epistemológico del área. Ello se hace explicito desde
sus prácticas con los estudiantes en donde se persigue el enfoque tecnicista del
currículo lo cual se contrapone con sus propias visiones acerca de su rol como
docentes promotores de la creatividad y libertad.
The objective of the research was to comprehend the process of curricular diversification implemented by fifth cycle teachers in the area of Art and Culture of a public school in Metropolitan Lima. For this, the institutional conditions and teaching performance were revised in order to know if these would be a limitation or rather a support in the indicated process. In addition, the specific actions carried out by the teachers were described, as well as the self-perception of their role to finally characterize the curricular elements that they adapted. The study has been approached from a qualitative focus using the case study method since it emphases the comprehension of a specific phenomenon based on the interpretations of two teachers who teach the curricular area of Art and Culture in fifth and sixth grades primary. To collect information, two techniques were used: classroom observation through four visits and the semi-structured interview that was applied after the observations. Finally, it is concluded that teachers do not carry out a process as such for curricular diversification, but that they are isolated adaptation actions that they apply in adjustments of materials or times. Furthermore, there are neither the minimum institutional conditions to support teachers in their development nor the necessary initial and continuous training, which prevents them from performing efficiently in the pedagogical and epistemological management of the area. This is made explicit from their classroom practices where the technical approach to the curriculum is pursued, which contrasts with their own visions about their role as teachers who promote creativity and freedom.
The objective of the research was to comprehend the process of curricular diversification implemented by fifth cycle teachers in the area of Art and Culture of a public school in Metropolitan Lima. For this, the institutional conditions and teaching performance were revised in order to know if these would be a limitation or rather a support in the indicated process. In addition, the specific actions carried out by the teachers were described, as well as the self-perception of their role to finally characterize the curricular elements that they adapted. The study has been approached from a qualitative focus using the case study method since it emphases the comprehension of a specific phenomenon based on the interpretations of two teachers who teach the curricular area of Art and Culture in fifth and sixth grades primary. To collect information, two techniques were used: classroom observation through four visits and the semi-structured interview that was applied after the observations. Finally, it is concluded that teachers do not carry out a process as such for curricular diversification, but that they are isolated adaptation actions that they apply in adjustments of materials or times. Furthermore, there are neither the minimum institutional conditions to support teachers in their development nor the necessary initial and continuous training, which prevents them from performing efficiently in the pedagogical and epistemological management of the area. This is made explicit from their classroom practices where the technical approach to the curriculum is pursued, which contrasts with their own visions about their role as teachers who promote creativity and freedom.
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Keywords
Educación primaria--Currículo--Perú--Lima Metropolitana, Escuelas privadas--Perú--Lima Metropolitana, Arte--Estudio y enseñanza (Primaria)--Perú--Lima Metropolitana, Cultura--Estudio y enseñanza (Primaria)--Perú--Lima Metropolitana
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