Oportunidades y desafíos en el proceso de adaptación curricular para la atención de estudiantes con TEA
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
En Perú, las familias de estudiantes con Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA)
enfrentan desafíos significativos al buscar colegios que brinden educación regular
inclusiva adecuada. En ese contexto, la presente tesis se enfocó en analizar los
desafíos y oportunidades en la implementación de políticas de educación inclusiva en
dos colegios de la región Piura, uno público y otro privado. Esta investigación se basó
en el marco teórico de los "burócratas de la calle" y variables normativas y no
normativas de la teoría "bottom-up" de análisis de políticas públicas, a través de las
cuales se analizó el proceso de adaptación curricular y la discrecionalidad de los
docentes encargados, así como la organización interna y la interacción de la DRE y la
UGEL entre sí y con las instituciones educativas. La metodología incluyó entrevistas
con representantes del equipo Servicio de Apoyo y Asesoramiento Para la Atención
de las Necesidades Educativas Especiales (SAANEE), la DRE, la UGEL, directores,
docentes y psicólogos de ambos colegios, para comparar sus enfoques en el proceso
de adaptación curricular y evaluar la coordinación con las entidades educativas. Los
resultados evidencian una débil articulación entre las instituciones involucradas en la
implementación de políticas inclusivas. El modelo descentralizado se ve obstaculizado
por la burocracia y normativas complejas. El presupuesto se enfoca en instituciones
especializadas, desatendiendo las necesidades de la educación regular. La carencia
de especialistas en las instituciones intermedias dificulta la implementación de
políticas inclusivas como el Plan TEA. El equipo SAANEE enfrenta desafíos en la
coordinación y gestión. El nivel de adhesión a la política de educación inclusiva por
parte de directores y docentes es una tarea pendiente. En los colegios, se observan
diferencias en la adaptación curricular: los docentes del colegio público buscan
capacitarse por su cuenta, mientras el privado cuenta con un departamento de
psicología que supervisa y capacita a los docentes. También, se reflexiona sobre las
acciones (individuales y colectivas) que surgen en ejercicio de la discrecionalidad de
diferentes actores en torno al sistema educativo inclusivo. En suma, la tesis destaca
la necesidad de mejorar la interacción intra e interinstitucional para lograr una
implementación más efectiva de la política de educación inclusiva. Asimismo, los
hallazgos ofrecen perspectivas valiosas para futuras investigaciones en el ámbito de
la educación inclusiva para estudiantes autistas en el Perú.
In Peru, families of students diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) encounter significant hurdles when seeking suitable inclusive mainstream schools. Within this context, this thesis focus on examining the challenges and prospects in executing inclusive education policies at two schools in the Piura region, one public and one private. This study draws upon the theoretical framework of "street-level bureaucrats" and normative and non-normative variables derived from the "bottom-up" theory of public policy analysis. These frameworks are employed to scrutinize the process of adapting the curriculum and the discretionary decision-making of assigned educators. Additionally, the internal organization and the interaction dynamics between the Regional Education Directorate (DRE), the Local Education Management Unit (UGEL), and educational institutions are assessed. The research methodology encompasses interviews with representatives from the Support and Counseling Service for Special Educational Needs (SAANEE) team, the DRE, the UGEL, school principals, teachers, and psychologists from both schools to compare their approaches to curriculum adaptation and evaluate their collaboration with educational bodies. The findings reveal a limited level of coordination among the entities involved in the implementation of inclusive policies. The decentralized model is impeded by bureaucratic obstacles and intricate regulations. The allocated budget primarily caters to specialized institutions, overlooking the requirements of regular education. Scarce specialized personnel within intermediary institutions complicates the execution of inclusive policies, such as the ASD Plan. The SAANEE team encounters challenges in terms of coordination and management. The level of commitment to the inclusive education policy by principals and teachers remains an ongoing concern. Variations in curriculum adaptation strategies are noticeable between the schools: teachers in public schools seek self-improvement opportunities, while the private school benefits from a dedicated psychology department that oversees and trains its teaching staff. Furthermore, the study reflects on the individual and collective actions that emerge through the exercise of discretion by various stakeholders within the inclusive education system. To conclude, this thesis underscores the imperative need to enhance intra and interinstitutional collaboration to attain a more effective implementation of inclusive education policies. Additionally, the findings provide valuable insights for future research within the sphere of inclusive education for autistic students in Peru.
In Peru, families of students diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) encounter significant hurdles when seeking suitable inclusive mainstream schools. Within this context, this thesis focus on examining the challenges and prospects in executing inclusive education policies at two schools in the Piura region, one public and one private. This study draws upon the theoretical framework of "street-level bureaucrats" and normative and non-normative variables derived from the "bottom-up" theory of public policy analysis. These frameworks are employed to scrutinize the process of adapting the curriculum and the discretionary decision-making of assigned educators. Additionally, the internal organization and the interaction dynamics between the Regional Education Directorate (DRE), the Local Education Management Unit (UGEL), and educational institutions are assessed. The research methodology encompasses interviews with representatives from the Support and Counseling Service for Special Educational Needs (SAANEE) team, the DRE, the UGEL, school principals, teachers, and psychologists from both schools to compare their approaches to curriculum adaptation and evaluate their collaboration with educational bodies. The findings reveal a limited level of coordination among the entities involved in the implementation of inclusive policies. The decentralized model is impeded by bureaucratic obstacles and intricate regulations. The allocated budget primarily caters to specialized institutions, overlooking the requirements of regular education. Scarce specialized personnel within intermediary institutions complicates the execution of inclusive policies, such as the ASD Plan. The SAANEE team encounters challenges in terms of coordination and management. The level of commitment to the inclusive education policy by principals and teachers remains an ongoing concern. Variations in curriculum adaptation strategies are noticeable between the schools: teachers in public schools seek self-improvement opportunities, while the private school benefits from a dedicated psychology department that oversees and trains its teaching staff. Furthermore, the study reflects on the individual and collective actions that emerge through the exercise of discretion by various stakeholders within the inclusive education system. To conclude, this thesis underscores the imperative need to enhance intra and interinstitutional collaboration to attain a more effective implementation of inclusive education policies. Additionally, the findings provide valuable insights for future research within the sphere of inclusive education for autistic students in Peru.
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Trastornos del espectro autista--Perú--Piura, Educación inclusiva--Perú--Piura, Educación y Estado--Perú--Piura, Escuelas--Perú--Piura
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