Enfoque inclusivo basado en la neurodiversidad: estrategias didácticas socioemocionales en primaria
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
La investigación aborda la necesidad de contar con un marco pedagógico que
proporcione herramientas concretas para fortalecer la inclusión educativa basada en
la neurociencia. En este marco, se analizan estrategias didácticas socioemocionales
desarrolladas desde un enfoque inclusivo y bajo los principios de la neurodiversidad.
El problema planteado es: ¿Cómo desarrolla un docente de quinto grado de primaria
el enfoque inclusivo basado en la neurodiversidad a través de estrategias didácticas
socioemocionales en una institución educativa pública de Lima Metropolitana? El
objetivo general es analizar dichas estrategias, vinculándolas con tres competencias
clave: autorregulación emocional, trabajo colaborativo y liderazgo. La investigación
adopta un enfoque cualitativo con diseño descriptivo, empleando como técnicas la
entrevista semiestructurada y la observación de la práctica pedagógica. Los hallazgos
demuestran que el docente desarrolla el enfoque inclusivo mediante estrategias
didácticas que integran la autorregulación emocional, el trabajo colaborativo y el
liderazgo adaptativo. Estas estrategias favorecen una convivencia consciente, una
cooperación auténtica y un liderazgo participativo, lo que evidencia la necesidad de
enfoques interrelacionados y contextualizados para el desarrollo socioemocional. Se
concluye que, aunque existe una base pedagógica valiosa para la inclusión desde la
neurodiversidad, es necesario sistematizar las estrategias, documentar su impacto y
superar obstáculos estructurales. Fortalecer estos procesos permitiría consolidar el
desarrollo socioemocional como eje transversal en la educación inclusiva,
promoviendo entornos sostenibles, equitativos y emocionalmente seguros para todos
los estudiantes.
The research addresses the need for a pedagogical framework that provides concrete tools to strengthen educational inclusion based on neuroscience. Within this framework, socioemotional didactic strategies developed from an inclusive approach and under the principles of neurodiversity are analyzed. The problem posed is: ¿How does a fifth grade teacher develop an inclusive approach based on neurodiversity through socioemotional didactic strategies in a public educational institution in Metropolitan Lima? The general objective is to analyze these strategies, linking them to three key competencies: emotional self-regulation, collaborative work and leadership. The research adopts a qualitative approach with descriptive design, using as techniques the semi-structured interview and the observation of pedagogical practice. The findings show that the teacher develops the inclusive approach through didactic strategies that integrate emotional self-regulation, collaborative work and adaptive leadership. These strategies favor conscious coexistence, authentic cooperation and participative leadership, which evidences the need for interrelated and contextualized approaches to social-emotional development. It is concluded that, although there is a valuable pedagogical basis for inclusion from neurodiversity, it is necessary to systematize the strategies, document their impact and overcome structural obstacles. Strengthening these processes would allow the consolidation of socioemotional development as a transversal axis in inclusive education, promoting sustainable, equitable and emotionally safe environments for all students.
The research addresses the need for a pedagogical framework that provides concrete tools to strengthen educational inclusion based on neuroscience. Within this framework, socioemotional didactic strategies developed from an inclusive approach and under the principles of neurodiversity are analyzed. The problem posed is: ¿How does a fifth grade teacher develop an inclusive approach based on neurodiversity through socioemotional didactic strategies in a public educational institution in Metropolitan Lima? The general objective is to analyze these strategies, linking them to three key competencies: emotional self-regulation, collaborative work and leadership. The research adopts a qualitative approach with descriptive design, using as techniques the semi-structured interview and the observation of pedagogical practice. The findings show that the teacher develops the inclusive approach through didactic strategies that integrate emotional self-regulation, collaborative work and adaptive leadership. These strategies favor conscious coexistence, authentic cooperation and participative leadership, which evidences the need for interrelated and contextualized approaches to social-emotional development. It is concluded that, although there is a valuable pedagogical basis for inclusion from neurodiversity, it is necessary to systematize the strategies, document their impact and overcome structural obstacles. Strengthening these processes would allow the consolidation of socioemotional development as a transversal axis in inclusive education, promoting sustainable, equitable and emotionally safe environments for all students.
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Educación primaria--Investigaciones--Perú, Neurología, Educación inclusiva--Perú
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