Arbitraje de las decisiones del Organismo Supervisor de la Inversión en Infraestructura de Transporte de Uso Público (OSITRAN) en el marco de la ejecución de los contratos de concesión que supervisa
Date
2024-01-22
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
En el presente trabajo de investigación se busca analizar cuándo corresponde someter una
controversia derivada de alguna decisión o actuación del OSITRAN durante la ejecución de los
Contratos de Concesión que supervisa, a la vía arbitral o, en su defecto, a la vía judicial, mediante
un proceso contencioso administrativo. Se busca identificar aquellos criterios que permitan
realizar una adecuada determinación de las materias o controversias relacionadas con el quehacer
del OSITRAN, actuales o potenciales, susceptibles de ser resueltas a través del arbitraje. Se
plantea la hipótesis de que los conflictos o controversias que derivan de actuaciones o decisiones
del OSITRAN durante la etapa de ejecución de los Contratos de Concesión únicamente pueden
ser dilucidados en la vía arbitral si tales actuaciones o decisiones del organismo regulador tienen
naturaleza contractual, no pudiendo ser sometidos a la competencia arbitral aquellos conflictos
o controversias vinculados a decisiones adoptadas en el marco del ejercicio de facultades
administrativas. Asimismo, en cuanto al supuesto referido a la autorización derivada de la ley, de
los tratados o convenios internacionales para someter a la vía arbitral determinado conflicto o
controversia, se sustentará que en estos casos será posible someter a arbitraje las decisiones del
OSITRAN, independientemente de que la materia califique como de libre disponibilidad o no.
Este tema es relevante por cuanto en la doctrina y jurisprudencia no se cuenta con un criterio
uniforme sobre qué tipo de materias y controversias pueden resolverse en la vía arbitral, situación
que tiene repercusiones prácticas en la realidad que ocasionan un grado de incertidumbre y
desconfianza entre los inversionistas privados que se encuentran vinculados o que pretenden
vincularse contractualmente con el Estado, por lo que el presente trabajo pretende brindar un
aporte en ese sentido. Se aborda el estudio del tema propuesto desde varios ámbitos: el
doctrinario, normativo, el contenido de las cláusulas arbitrales y la jurisprudencia arbitral. En ese
sentido, se realiza una clasificación de dichas cláusulas arbitrales atendiendo a su contenido y un
análisis crítico de criterios arbitrales adoptados por tribunales nacionales e internacionales
(CIADI) sobre la materia. Se concluye que las controversias referidas a la aplicación de
penalidades por parte del regulador pueden ser planteadas en la vía arbitral y que las controversias
relacionadas con la interpretación de los Contratos de Concesión, la caducidad de la Concesión
y aplicación de tarifas no pueden ser resueltas en dicha vía, sino que deben ser dilucidadas en la
vía judicial.
This research work seeks to analyze when it is appropriate to submit a dispute arising from any decision or action of OSITRAN during the execution of the Concession Contracts that it supervises, to arbitration or, failing that, to the judicial way, through a contentious-administrative process. It seeks to identify those criteria that allow an adequate determination of the matters or controversies related to the work of OSITRAN, current or potential, that can be resolved through arbitration. The hypothesis is raised that the conflicts or controversies that derive from actions or decisions of OSITRAN during the stage of execution of the Concession Contracts can only be elucidated through arbitration if such actions or decisions of the regulation organism have a contractual nature, not being able to those conflicts or controversies linked to decisions adopted within the framework of the exercise of administrative powers should be submitted to arbitral jurisdiction. Likewise, regarding the assumption referred to the authorization derived from the law, from international treaties or conventions to submit a certain conflict or controversy to arbitration, it will be argued that in these cases it will be possible to submit OSITRAN's decisions to arbitration, regardless of whether the material qualifies as freely available or not. This issue is relevant because in the doctrine and jurisprudence there is no uniform criterion on what type of matters and controversies can be resolved through arbitration, a situation that has practical repercussions in reality that cause a degree of uncertainty and mistrust between private investors who are linked or intend to be contractually linked with the State, so this paper aims to provide a contribution in this regard. The study of the proposed topic is approached from several areas: the doctrinal, normative, the content of the arbitration clauses and the arbitral jurisprudence. In this sense, a classification of said arbitration clauses is carried out according to their content and a critical analysis of arbitration criteria adopted by national and international courts (ICSID) on the matter. It is concluded that the controversies related to the application of penalties by the regulator can be raised in arbitration and that the controversies related to the interpretation of the Concession Contracts, the expiration of the Concession and the application of tariff cannot be resolved in said way, but must be elucidated in judicial way.
This research work seeks to analyze when it is appropriate to submit a dispute arising from any decision or action of OSITRAN during the execution of the Concession Contracts that it supervises, to arbitration or, failing that, to the judicial way, through a contentious-administrative process. It seeks to identify those criteria that allow an adequate determination of the matters or controversies related to the work of OSITRAN, current or potential, that can be resolved through arbitration. The hypothesis is raised that the conflicts or controversies that derive from actions or decisions of OSITRAN during the stage of execution of the Concession Contracts can only be elucidated through arbitration if such actions or decisions of the regulation organism have a contractual nature, not being able to those conflicts or controversies linked to decisions adopted within the framework of the exercise of administrative powers should be submitted to arbitral jurisdiction. Likewise, regarding the assumption referred to the authorization derived from the law, from international treaties or conventions to submit a certain conflict or controversy to arbitration, it will be argued that in these cases it will be possible to submit OSITRAN's decisions to arbitration, regardless of whether the material qualifies as freely available or not. This issue is relevant because in the doctrine and jurisprudence there is no uniform criterion on what type of matters and controversies can be resolved through arbitration, a situation that has practical repercussions in reality that cause a degree of uncertainty and mistrust between private investors who are linked or intend to be contractually linked with the State, so this paper aims to provide a contribution in this regard. The study of the proposed topic is approached from several areas: the doctrinal, normative, the content of the arbitration clauses and the arbitral jurisprudence. In this sense, a classification of said arbitration clauses is carried out according to their content and a critical analysis of arbitration criteria adopted by national and international courts (ICSID) on the matter. It is concluded that the controversies related to the application of penalties by the regulator can be raised in arbitration and that the controversies related to the interpretation of the Concession Contracts, the expiration of the Concession and the application of tariff cannot be resolved in said way, but must be elucidated in judicial way.
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Keywords
Organismo Supervisor de la Inversión en Infraestructura de Transporte de Uso Público (Perú), Derecho administrativo--Perú, Concesiones--Perú, Arbitramento (Derecho administrativo)--Perú, Proceso judicial--Perú
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