Nuevas consideraciones sobre discriminación y trato diferenciado en servicios de salud a partir del Caso Céliz
Date
2024-11-04
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Uno de los derechos fundamentales más importantes que se han desarrollado a lo largo del
siglo XX ha sido el derecho a no ser discriminado, íntimamente vinculado con el concepto de
trato diferenciado; sin embargo, el referido derecho a no ser discriminado no se encuentra
aislado en el ámbito de los derechos humanos, sino debe ser analizado en concordancia con
otros derechos, como es la libertad de contratar. El presente trabajo busca dar cuenta de un
estudio sobre la discriminación y el trato diferenciado, con el objetivo de determinar, en el
ámbito de los derechos fundamentales y en el ámbito jurisprudencial, si existe claridad
respecto de ambos conceptos, haciendo especial énfasis en la jurisprudencia administrativa
de la autoridad de consumo peruana, representada por el Tribunal del Instituto de Defensa de
la Competencia y de la Protección de la Propiedad Intelectual - INDECOPI. Para ello,
analizaremos los derechos a no ser discriminado y a la libertad de contratación como bases
teóricas necesarias desde el punto de vista de los Derechos Humanos, que serán
fundamentales para analizar cómo se ha plasmado desde la jurisprudencia comparada, así
como desde la jurisprudencia nacional constitucional y administrativa, el reconocimiento al
derecho a no ser discriminado, para llegar finalmente a analizar el caso Céliz, el primer caso
planteado en el Perú sobre discriminación en servicios médicos, que nos permitirá apreciar
cuáles son los problemas prácticos a la hora de discernir entre conceptos vinculados con el
derecho a la igualdad, así como proponer algunas reflexiones sobre la emisión de la
jurisprudencia administrativa, tal como se está produciendo, de forma gradual, en la Sala de
Defensa de la Competencia del INDECOPI.
One of the most important fundamental rights that have developed throughout the 20th century has been the right not to be discriminated against, intimately linked to the concept of differential treatment; however, the aforementioned right not to be discriminated against is not isolated in the realm of human rights, but must be analyzed in conjunction with other rights, such as the freedom to contract. This paper seeks to provide a study on discrimination and differential treatment, aiming to determine, within the scope of fundamental rights and jurisprudence, if there is clarity regarding both concepts, with a special emphasis on the administrative jurisprudence of the Peruvian consumer authority, represented by the Tribunal of the Institute for the Defense of Competition and the Protection of Intellectual Property - INDECOPI. To do so, we will analyze the rights not to be discriminated against and the freedom of contract as necessary theoretical foundations from the perspective of Human Rights, which will be essential to analyze how the recognition of the right not to be discriminated against has been reflected in comparative jurisprudence, as well as in national constitutional and administrative jurisprudence, to finally analyze the Céliz case, the first case raised in Peru regarding discrimination in medical services, which will allow us to appreciate what the practical problems are when discerning between concepts linked to the right to equality, as well as to propose some reflections on the issuance of administrative jurisprudence, as it is gradually occurring in the Competition Defense Chamber of INDECOPI.
One of the most important fundamental rights that have developed throughout the 20th century has been the right not to be discriminated against, intimately linked to the concept of differential treatment; however, the aforementioned right not to be discriminated against is not isolated in the realm of human rights, but must be analyzed in conjunction with other rights, such as the freedom to contract. This paper seeks to provide a study on discrimination and differential treatment, aiming to determine, within the scope of fundamental rights and jurisprudence, if there is clarity regarding both concepts, with a special emphasis on the administrative jurisprudence of the Peruvian consumer authority, represented by the Tribunal of the Institute for the Defense of Competition and the Protection of Intellectual Property - INDECOPI. To do so, we will analyze the rights not to be discriminated against and the freedom of contract as necessary theoretical foundations from the perspective of Human Rights, which will be essential to analyze how the recognition of the right not to be discriminated against has been reflected in comparative jurisprudence, as well as in national constitutional and administrative jurisprudence, to finally analyze the Céliz case, the first case raised in Peru regarding discrimination in medical services, which will allow us to appreciate what the practical problems are when discerning between concepts linked to the right to equality, as well as to propose some reflections on the issuance of administrative jurisprudence, as it is gradually occurring in the Competition Defense Chamber of INDECOPI.
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Keywords
Igualdad ante la ley, Discriminación--Perú, Derechos humanos--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Derechos fundamentales--Perú, Derecho a la salud--Jurisprudencia--Perú
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