Modelo Prolab: Cero Mercurio, Producto financiero que permite adquirir equipos de alta tecnología para pequeños mineros y mineros artesanales
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Resumen
Esta investigación aborda un problema ambiental y social significativo en el sector de la minería
peruana, específicamente en la pequeña minería y minería artesanal, actividades que constituyen
pilares de la economía nacional. Estas operaciones, a menudo en proceso de formalización,
emplean métodos que incluyen el uso de mercurio, lo que genera graves impactos ambientales y
en la salud de los trabajadores. El estudio analiza la complejidad de esta problemática y su efecto
en las comunidades mineras y el desarrollo nacional.
Desde la perspectiva financiera, la investigación destaca el rol clave de instituciones
como las cajas municipales de ahorro y crédito (CMAC), que promueven la inclusión financiera
y apoyan a pequeñas empresas. Estas instituciones han sido fundamentales para el desarrollo
económico en diversas regiones del Perú. El enfoque geográfico del estudio se centra en
Arequipa, una región con un alto número de mineros registrados en el Registro Integral de
Formalización Minera (REINFO). A través de entrevistas bajo la metodología Design Thinking,
se identificaron las necesidades prioritarias de los mineros, lo que permitió diseñar un Producto
Mínimo Viable (MVP) que fomenta prácticas más seguras y sostenibles.
El modelo de negocio se desarrolla utilizando el Business Model Canvas (BMC), que
evalúa sostenibilidad, escalabilidad e impacto social. Este enfoque está alineado con los
Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) de las Naciones Unidas, promoviendo un impacto
positivo en las dimensiones ambiental, económica y social. El análisis cuantitativo y descriptivo
permite validar la solución propuesta y su aceptación en el mercado.
El análisis económico proyecta un Valor Actual Neto (VAN) de S/ 1.85 millones y una
Tasa Interna de Retorno (TIR) de 116.64%, confirmando su viabilidad financiera. En el ámbito
social, el proyecto presenta un índice de relevancia del 50% respecto al ODS 9, alcanzando un
VAN social de S/ 6.87 millones, gracias al aumento de ingresos de los mineros y la reducción de
costos por uso de mercurio.
En conclusión, la investigación ofrece una solución innovadora para reducir el uso de
mercurio, promoviendo una minería artesanal más responsable, sostenible y alineada con las
necesidades del sector en el Perú.
This research addresses a significant environmental and social issue in Peru, particularly within the mining sector, a cornerstone of the national economy. In this sector, small-scale and artisanal mining, which is on the path toward formalization, faces substantial challenges as its methods often include mercury usage, leading to serious environmental damage and health risks for workers. The study contextualizes this issue, highlighting its complexity and impact on mining communities and the country as a whole. In the financial system, the research emphasizes the crucial role of institutions such as municipal savings and loan banks (CMAC) and banks focused on financial inclusion, which support small and medium-sized enterprises. These institutions, with a strong presence across various regions in Peru, have contributed to strengthening local economic progress. The analysis is based on the miners’ profile and needs, identified through guided interviews using Design Thinking methodology. The geographical focus is on the Arequipa region, where a high percentage of miners are formalized in the Comprehensive Mining Formalization Registry (REINFO). The development of the value proposition is based on prioritized needs determined through the 6x6 prioritization matrix. The research includes the conceptualization of a minimum viable product (MVP) designed to address these specific needs, promoting sustainable and safe practices in artisanal mining. (UNEP, 2022) To evaluate the business model's feasibility, the business model canvas is used, which analyzes the project’s sustainability, scalability, and potential social impact. The model aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), seeking to contribute to environmental, economic, and social well-being. Through a quantitative and descriptive methodology, the effectiveness and market acceptance of the proposed solution will be evaluated, as well as its desired impact on users, validating the hypotheses posed in the Business Model Canvas (BMC). Finally, a profitability analysis is presented, evaluating the social, economic, and environmental benefits of the proposal. For the economic analysis, the projected cash flow over five years yields an NPV of S/1.85 million and an IRR of 116.64%, demonstrating that the project covers the investment and provides additional profit. Regarding social profitability, the project has a social relevance index of 50% (impacting four of the eight targets of SDG 9 “Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure”), achieving a Social NPV of S/6.87 million, considering two key benefit assumptions: i) increased income for artisanal miners due to production growth (using clean technology) and ii) cost savings from mercury-free gold extraction. Thus, this business model is established as an innovative alternative to reduce mercury use, promoting more responsible and sustainable artisanal mining in Peru.
This research addresses a significant environmental and social issue in Peru, particularly within the mining sector, a cornerstone of the national economy. In this sector, small-scale and artisanal mining, which is on the path toward formalization, faces substantial challenges as its methods often include mercury usage, leading to serious environmental damage and health risks for workers. The study contextualizes this issue, highlighting its complexity and impact on mining communities and the country as a whole. In the financial system, the research emphasizes the crucial role of institutions such as municipal savings and loan banks (CMAC) and banks focused on financial inclusion, which support small and medium-sized enterprises. These institutions, with a strong presence across various regions in Peru, have contributed to strengthening local economic progress. The analysis is based on the miners’ profile and needs, identified through guided interviews using Design Thinking methodology. The geographical focus is on the Arequipa region, where a high percentage of miners are formalized in the Comprehensive Mining Formalization Registry (REINFO). The development of the value proposition is based on prioritized needs determined through the 6x6 prioritization matrix. The research includes the conceptualization of a minimum viable product (MVP) designed to address these specific needs, promoting sustainable and safe practices in artisanal mining. (UNEP, 2022) To evaluate the business model's feasibility, the business model canvas is used, which analyzes the project’s sustainability, scalability, and potential social impact. The model aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), seeking to contribute to environmental, economic, and social well-being. Through a quantitative and descriptive methodology, the effectiveness and market acceptance of the proposed solution will be evaluated, as well as its desired impact on users, validating the hypotheses posed in the Business Model Canvas (BMC). Finally, a profitability analysis is presented, evaluating the social, economic, and environmental benefits of the proposal. For the economic analysis, the projected cash flow over five years yields an NPV of S/1.85 million and an IRR of 116.64%, demonstrating that the project covers the investment and provides additional profit. Regarding social profitability, the project has a social relevance index of 50% (impacting four of the eight targets of SDG 9 “Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure”), achieving a Social NPV of S/6.87 million, considering two key benefit assumptions: i) increased income for artisanal miners due to production growth (using clean technology) and ii) cost savings from mercury-free gold extraction. Thus, this business model is established as an innovative alternative to reduce mercury use, promoting more responsible and sustainable artisanal mining in Peru.
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Minería artesanal--Perú, Industria minera, Impacto ambiental--Análisis