La identidad cultural del Callao en Viejos Amigos (Villarán, 2014) a través de la representación audiovisual
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
Como plantea Stuart Hall, la identidad cultural es una construcción colectiva elaborada a
través de la memoria, la narrativa y el mito, que es tanto ser como convertirse (1990, pp. 225-
226), y esta define tanto a los individuos como a sus comunidades. A pesar de estar rodeados
constantemente por ella, comprenderla, explicar sus elementos y, más aún, representarla de
forma adecuada puede ser complejo. En la película de ficción Viejos Amigos (Villarán, 2014),
la identidad cultural del Callao está presente tanto como punto central como núcleo que une a
los personajes y mueve sus acciones. Retratarla, por tanto, exige un trabajo de los recursos
audiovisuales claro, coherente y respetuoso. Esta tesis analiza cómo se da esta representación,
explicando qué herramientas audiovisuales se utilizaron para retratar sus elementos y cómo lo
hicieron. Para ello, se parte de un marco contextual que expone al Callao en detalle y da paso
a un marco teórico que desarrolla conceptos clave de la identidad cultural, así como de los
recursos narrativos y del lenguaje audiovisual de la Comunicación Audiovisual. A partir de
esto, se aplica un análisis basado en lo expuesto por Pablo Francescutti (2018), que identifica
y clasifica los elementos de la identidad cultural representados mediante las herramientas
audiovisuales, para, desde lo encontrado, realizar un análisis sociocultural del filme. De esta
forma, se llega a las conclusiones que determinan que esta representación aporta mayor
sentido y profundidad a la cinta, generando distintas capas de comprensión sobre lo que
sucede en ella.
As Stuart Hall argues, cultural identity is a collective construction shaped through memory, narrative, and myth, which involves both being and becoming (1990, pp. 225-226), and it defines individuals as well as their communities. Despite being constantly surrounded by it, understanding cultural identity, explaining its elements, and, even more so, representing it adequately can be complex. In the fictional film Viejos Amigos (Villarán, 2014), the cultural identity of Callao is present both as a central theme and as the core that unites the characters and drives their actions. Portraying it, therefore, requires a clear, coherent, and respectful use of audiovisual resources. This thesis analyzes how such representation is carried out, explaining which audiovisual tools were employed to depict its elements and how they were used. To do so, it first establishes a contextual framework that presents Callao in detail, followed by a theoretical framework that develops key concepts of cultural identity, as well as the narrative resources and audiovisual language of Audiovisual Communication. Building on this, the study applies an analysis, based on Pablo Francescutti (2018), which identifies and classifies elements of cultural identity represented through audiovisual tools, in order to develop a sociocultural analysis of the film. As a result, the conclusions show that such representation provides greater meaning and depth to the film, generating different layers of understanding regarding what takes place within it.
As Stuart Hall argues, cultural identity is a collective construction shaped through memory, narrative, and myth, which involves both being and becoming (1990, pp. 225-226), and it defines individuals as well as their communities. Despite being constantly surrounded by it, understanding cultural identity, explaining its elements, and, even more so, representing it adequately can be complex. In the fictional film Viejos Amigos (Villarán, 2014), the cultural identity of Callao is present both as a central theme and as the core that unites the characters and drives their actions. Portraying it, therefore, requires a clear, coherent, and respectful use of audiovisual resources. This thesis analyzes how such representation is carried out, explaining which audiovisual tools were employed to depict its elements and how they were used. To do so, it first establishes a contextual framework that presents Callao in detail, followed by a theoretical framework that develops key concepts of cultural identity, as well as the narrative resources and audiovisual language of Audiovisual Communication. Building on this, the study applies an analysis, based on Pablo Francescutti (2018), which identifies and classifies elements of cultural identity represented through audiovisual tools, in order to develop a sociocultural analysis of the film. As a result, the conclusions show that such representation provides greater meaning and depth to the film, generating different layers of understanding regarding what takes place within it.
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Películas cinematográficas--Perú--Crítica e interpretación, Cine peruano--Producción y dirección--Siglo XXI, Identidad cultural--Perú--Callao (Provincia Constitucional)
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